Thinking about Photon.

[socratus]

The information about Einstein’s calculation negative time
I took from a book ( this book was written in 1923 by Russian physicist
Khvolsky (?). I have it copy in my house but now I am far away )
Does somebody have other information about how negative time
in physics was arrived?
#
In SRT we have two (2) different reference frames:
One is space and time “all inertial reference frames are equivalent”
Another is spacetime: the negative absolute 4D continuum. / Planck/
And in 1908 Herman Minkowski said:
‘ Henceforth, space by itself, and time by itself,
are doomed to fade away into mere shadows,
and only a kind of union of the two will preserve
an independent reality.’
4
Maybe somebody can explain :
way “space by itself, and time by itself,
are doomed to fade away into mere shadows,”
and way “only a kind of union of the two will preserve
an independent reality.”
and why such opinion is not mysterious.
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[socratus]

There are many pretty solid theories.
How can be known which theory is wrong and which theory is true ?
The answer depends on which reference frame the theory is based.
The conception of reference frame is the key to know if the theory is true one.
#
We know many different reference frames
( free, open, closed , 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 11D, . . . MD . . . . )

Existence cannot begin from a complex system.
In the beginning must be a simple model.
Therefore, I will take a two dimensions space as the simplest model.
But there are two kinds of two dimensions: the Euclidean ( 2D) space
and Minkowski negative Pseudo- Euclidian - 2D space.
What is possible to say about these systems ?
Which reference frame can be taken as a basis of Existence ?
#
Euclidean ( 2D) reference frame belongs to a gravity space
where space and time are two different substances.
Minkowski negative Pseudo- Euclidian - 2D has no gravity
and space and time are one and the same unite continuum.
#
Later Descartes changed Euclidean two dimensions into three
dimensions . Living in this Descartes system of coordinate
we try to understand : where did our existence come from ?
Then, in my opinion, it is logically to take Minkowski negative
Pseudo- Euclidian - 2D ( without gravity ) as the simplest model
to have the searching answer.
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[socratus]

more about negative time
Negative time
#
Werner Heisenberg, . . . , wrote to Wolfgang Pauli:
“I regard the backward in time solution ...
as learned trash which no one can take seriously.”
http://www.sintropia.it/EdgeScience.pdf

[socratus]

Physicists invented negative time and then try to understand its existence.
Time exists only in the third dimensional gravity reality ( like planets )
Time exists only as a result of the process which was explained in SRT and GRT .
Time doesn't exist outside third dimensional gravity reality.
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[socratus]

" Einstein's theory of special relativity followed a series of perplexing experiments . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
Einstein showed that drastically revising the basic concepts of space and time
led to a consistent description of all these perplexing experiments . . . . ."
/ Book: Andrei Sakharov. Quarks and the structure of matter.
By Harry J. Lipkin. page 65.
Copyright 2013 by World Scientific Publishing /

In the others words, according to Einstein
because the space and time different from Newtonian
is possible the phenomenons of SRT.

I give another interpretation:
the phenomenons of SRT are possible because behavior
of quantum of light allow them be appeared.
The behavior of quantum of light is the cause of SRT's phenomenons.
===..
" Einstein's special theory of relativity is based on two postulates:
One is the relativity of motion, and the second is the constancy
and universality of the speed of light.
Could the first postulate be true and the other false?
If that was not possible, Einstein would not have had to make two
postulates. But I don't think many people realized until recently
that you could have a consistent theory in which you changed only
the second postulate."
/ Lee Smolin, The Trouble With Physics, p. 226. /

It means that speed of light is a constant but not an absolute constant.
The speed of quantum of light is independent ( doesn't depend on outside forces )
Quantum of light can itself change its speed ( by own impulse / spin )
Therefore SRT is theory about behavior of quantum of light
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[socratus]

The concepts of space and time must be basic in physics.
But these conceptions didn't solve until now .
From the one hand, according to SRT, both space and time relative . . . .
From the other hand, according to SRT, 4D spacetime is an absolute continuum.
And nobody explains what negative 4D really is by ordinary logical language
and therefore . . . . . .
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[Ruphus]

The speed of light varies it is not constant from an observers view. This is due to the varying force of gravity. I believe your opening posts were somewhat accurate in the geometry of a photon. The crests of the sine wave must stretch and elongate the photon's EM wave as it travels outward from gravity. Lets say it has had no force from gravity in several million light years, How long is it now? I don't know. But perhaps this is the CMBR we hear now. Now let that photon come toward earth. The force of gravity slows the front down and the length contracts. We measure the frequency, it's wavelength, ect. as if it was always this. There is no way to not to bring gravity into the measurement as all things have mass which have gravity, including our instruments for measurement. The difficult thing I can't understand is why the amplitude is constant?!

[socratus]

The two postulates of special relativity are bound together.

1. - The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference.
2. - The speed of light c is the same in all inertial frames of reference.
Postulates of special relativity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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My opinion.
1. -
It is correct that:
The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference.
2. -
It is correct that:
The speed of light c is the same in all inertial frames of reference.
3.
It is also correct that such formulation have nothing to do with the essence of SRT.
Why?
All inertial frames of reference ( Earth and another planets of solar system and galaxies )
have gravity-mass. And SRT is theory without gravity-mass.
( About gravity Einstein wrote GRT in 1915)
All inertial frames of reference ( Earth and another planets of solar system and galaxies )
have very low speed and therefore enough to use only Galileo transformation
to explain that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial
frames of reference. But the basis of SRT are Lorentz transformations.

The name of SRT was : “ On the Electrodynamics of moving Bodies.”
Not about Earth and another planets of solar system and galaxies the theory
was talking, but about micro particles like light quanta.
The essence of SRT is explanation the behaviour of light quanta.
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socratus