Mr Lester J Hendershot's magnetic generator.

[wrtner]

1. I'm not able to locate the dual 40-80 MFD, 450V caps so I'll just use separate caps with those ratings..

Don't forget that inventors of yesteryore will specify components that were then available.

Sometimes, nowadays, better ones are in stock but sometimes the originals had some strange property that was essential.

Paul-R

[GSM]

I'm trying to locate materials to build the Hendershot device shown on PDF page 45 of "From The Archives Of Lester J. Hendershot".
I have some questions:

1. I'm not able to locate the dual 40-80 MFD, 450V caps so I'll just use separate caps with those ratings. Is that probably the reason that different photos show a different number of caps. I'm thinking the photos showing 3 caps are actually 3, 40 uF caps, with 2 in parallel to make the 80uF one. Is that right?


Correct.
Make yourself a copy of this in case it disappears.
http://library.liberaenergio.org/fil...t_in_Farbe.doc
There had been an English version but it has disappeared.

Were the capacitors cut open to wind C1 and C2 really 40+80uF as stated ?
There was one long foil plus two half size ones, more likely meaning that particular component originally had equal value sections as used to be used with tube rectifiers and choke HT smoothing !

Another point needs to be questioned here -
Were 40+80uF electrolytics actually available in 1930 ?
I worked with many old radios and never came across anything so large in value that long ago. 32 to 50 uF singles were likely the limit of what was available until after WW2; NOT 120uF in one can.


2. The drawing specifies "20 AWG Insulated Solid" for L1 and L2. Should these be copper? It doesn't say. Does anyone have insulated 20 AWG from the 50's or know where to find specs of that era? I'm wondering about the insulation thickness since it will affect the spacing between the wires. They didn't have the plastics back then that we have today so I'm wondering what the insulation was made of and how thick it was. I saw in one of the documents it was "Belden" wire and they still make it today but it uses plastic insulation. The reason I ask is that I recently replaced some wire going to a well pump that was installed in the mid 70's and it had some kind of rubber insulation and a #10 wire was roughly 1/4" outside diameter - much larger than today's plastic insulation.


Military and aircraft cables are like those used by Lester, and maybe similar is still available via CPC, Farnell, RS etc.
I have used solid core lower voltage rated Kaptan, Kynar and Teflon insulated, but these can be hard to source in all gauges. As you have found, most other wires have either thicker insulation or are stranded.


3. Does anyone know specifically what type of material was used in the U shaped magnet , i.e. AlNiCo, Samarium Cobalt, etc? I saw somewhere that it was from a radar magnetron. Has anyone been able to confirm that it was or was not from a radar unit? That's an interesting question regarding LJH's working with the air force in the ealy days. Of course radar wasn't developed until the 40's but that is one of those coincidences that kind of jumps out at me.

4. Some drawings and photos show what appears to be a third pole in the middle of the magnet and some do not. Has anyone confirmed that one way or the other? I noticed in the photo of Mark Hendershot's magnet that it was different but then his device didn't work as far as I know.


I have read of one Samarium magnet being used. Also one magnet photographed had a short centre stub, but drawing always indicated plain N-S magnets, though large ones, no matter what subsequent observers surmised.



5. Since today's iron mostly has some carbon in it I'm wondering if it would be better to use Paul Babcock's idea of using steel bird shot to make the iron bar or if anyone has a source for the kind of iron needed.



This is a stumbling block for me too.
Actually I believe Lester's successful originals worked because his tin can sleeve cores were of very old fashioned rolled steel quite unlike the modern stuff. I have been wondering whether something like steel mending plates could be used for the armature, these typically being available in 100mm and 150mm lengths.



6. I'm looking for 30's, 40's, 50's telephones to get the ringer coils. Does anyone have a source for those parts or today's equivalent?


It is my feeling that the sort of bell coils he used were from a large double bell outdoor ringer, and not the fine wire telephone line powered types.

Again this is where I am working on my own solution. I have obtained two old telephone exchange rack type relays and stripped them down to their solenoid core in order to rewind them myself with the thicker magnet wire as recorded. Telephone relays have a plated copper shorted turn end that must be removed and be replaced with an insulated end former. I shall cut and drill the body of one relay in order to mount both solenoids upon it.



7. I saw the AHO notes about sealing the L4 cap-coil with parafin. Does that have any electret properties? I've seen electrects made of combinations of waxes over metal and was wondering if any of that info applies in the Hendershot device.



I don't think that there was any other reason than keeping everything correctly aligned, plus rendering the core-cap value adjustable via clamping.



Any assistance/clarifications will be greatly appreciated.


Yes indeed - I would agree - Any assistance/clarifications will be greatly appreciated.

Don't forget that inventors of yesteryore will specify components that were then available.
Sometimes, nowadays, better ones are in stock but sometimes the originals had some strange property that was essential.

Paul-R

Hi Paul,

It is possible to use high voltage electrolytics for much lesser AC operation, so maybe Lester had success in this regard with his earlier generators.
Modern electrolytics are much more compact for equal value and are likely much less able to dissipate/ lose induced heat.

40uF and 80uF were normal after WW2, but back in the 1930's such high values must have been very specialised ! If genuinely available ?

Cheers ............... Graham.

[GSM]

Don't forget that inventors of yesteryore will specify components that were then available.

Sometimes, nowadays, better ones are in stock but sometimes the originals had some strange property that was essential.

Paul-R

Hi Paul,

Back in the mid '60s I used to repair old radios, wherein *electrolytic* capacitor constructions prior to WW2 were always in rectangular cardboard block exterior, or tubular card covered forms.
Pre WW2 HT electrolytic values also tended to be 1uF, 2uF, 4uF, 8uF and 16uF, and not in bare aluminium cans.
File:PaperElectrolyticCapacitors.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Additionally I suggest that the Pyramid capacitors used by Lester were ones known by him through his US AF work, when the development of electrolytic type capacitor became accelerated due to WW2 war efforts, and values like 40uF and 80uF were probably required by tech specifying back room military engineers.

As you say Paul - "inventors of yesteryore will specify components that were then available".

Hence I conclude that Hendershot's Magnatronic Generator was NOT made before the end of WW2, and quite likely not demonstrated until after Lester's $25,000 - 20 year agreement to remain silent about his first construction expired circa 1950.

Lester also used 1lb. WW2 > 1950's coffee cans as his sleeve cores, and I don't think these were available in the 1930's either.

Regarding the other part of your comment Paul - "but sometimes the originals had some strange property that was essential".

Early electrolytics had to be 'formed' by slowly increasing an HT potential, and then once formed they had a strange C x V product characteristic whereby they had increased C value if operated at a voltage less than the 'rated' one at which they were formed.
Whether this applied to the Pyramid capacitor types used by Lester I do not know; I suspect not.

You likely also realise that when DC polarised electrolytics are used in an AC circuitry they become non-linearly leaky, such that their true equivalence when using genuine AC capacitors would be like having a series diode and resistor connected in parallel.
Thus it might be important to additionally note not only coil and transformer phasing, but the '+' and '-' capacitor connections from the photographs of any once working equipment.
I do know there is mention of capacitors overheating from within the Hendershot notes.


Cheers ............... Graham.

[thx1138]

Materials

Make yourself a copy of this in case it disappears.
http://library.liberaenergio.org/fil...t_in_Farbe.doc
There had been an English version but it has disappeared.

I have a copy. I ran the text through google translate to get the English.

Were the capacitors cut open to wind C1 and C2 really 40+80uF as stated ?

I think different caps were used to make C1 and C2 than were used for the others.

Were 40+80uF electrolytics actually available in 1930 ?

I don't have a clue but I would think pretty much anything would be available with military connections.

The dual caps available today are mostly used for motors. I guess start/run caps. But I just don't find those values. I see 80+? uF but the ? is usually low like maybe up to 12uF or so and below. I just don't see 80+40uF. These caps are AC caps and the materials list in the "From The Archives Of Lester J. Hendershot.pdf" document says non-polarized. The schematic, however, shows plus signs. The AC motor start/run caps of today have 3 terminals on top. I'm wondering if the plus signs on the schematic were just to distinguish the non-common terminals rather than polarity. I think the question here would be how are dual caps made? Are they concentric or stacked vertically. If they are concentric that may have some property that is needed.

2. The 20 AWG insulated solid wire is specified as copper in the materials list but not on the schematic so I think that answers that question. I have a request in to Belden to see if they have a historian that might answer the insulation thickness question. Another source might be someone who restores military equipment, be it aircraft, truck, tank, whatever. I think this is important since the insulation thickness will determine the conductor spacing and so affect the inductance of the coils. The lower coils are specified as enamel copper. So why use something different for the upper coils unless it is to get conductor spacing? I think the insulation material doesn't matter that much as long as we get the spacing correct.

I did a comparison between the wire and the dowels in a couple of the photos and, assuming the dowel is 0.125 (1/8"), the O.D. of the wire appears to be 0.080" ot 0.100". Today's Belden solid insulated wire is 0.066".

3. Does anyone know specifically what type of material was used in the U shaped magnet , i.e. AlNiCo, Samarium Cobalt, etc? I saw somewhere that it was from a radar magnetron.

I've done a bit of research on this and I don't think the magnet is samarium just because it is so hard to work with. I haven't seen any shape in samarium other than square or round. I'm leaning away from the radar magnetron magnet because all of the ones I've seen so far are C shaped, not U shaped. I guess the ends of the C could be cut off to make a U and the one in the Hendershot_in_Farbe.doc document shows scratching around the ends but the armature covers the ends where it may have been cut so I can't tell if it was cut or not. Right now I'm leaning toward AlNiCo.

5. Since today's iron mostly has some carbon in it I'm wondering if it would be better to use Paul Babcock's idea of using steel bird shot to make the iron bar or if anyone has a source for the kind of iron needed.

This is a stumbling block for me too.
Actually I believe Lester's successful originals worked because his tin can sleeve cores were of very old fashioned rolled steel quite unlike the modern stuff. I have been wondering whether something like steel mending plates could be used for the armature, these typically being available in 100mm and 150mm lengths.

I have some old metal coffee cans but they aren't that old. The ones I have have indentions pressed into them around the circumference to make them stronger so they don't crush as easily in shipping. I would think that would have had an effect on the magnetic field but don't know if the older ones had those indentions.

I'm also thinking we might get old style steel from military equipment restorers or old buildings with metal frames being demolished. I also thought about cast iron wood burning stove (I have one) and as a last resort go to a blacksmith. They would know all there is to know about iron.

6. I'm looking for 30's, 40's, 50's telephones to get the ringer coils. Does anyone have a source for those parts or today's equivalent?

It is my feeling that the sort of bell coils he used were from a large double bell outdoor ringer, and not the fine wire telephone line powered types.

The wire on these coils shown in the Hendershot_in_Farbe-En.doc document looks fairly fine to me. I think I'll give that a try if I can locate the coils.

7. I saw the AHO notes about sealing the L4 cap-coil with parafin. Does that have any electret properties? I've seen electrects made of combinations of waxes over metal and was wondering if any of that info applies in the Hendershot device.

I don't think that there was any other reason than keeping everything correctly aligned, plus rendering the core-cap value adjustable via clamping.

Agree. It's pretty obvious that it was applied after the coil-cap was built and I don't see running 20kV or more through those coils to get the electret effect and risk detroying the coil after construction.

I'll be out of town for a week or so. I have no internet connection out at my rural property so I'll get back to this when I return. I might be able to locate a farrier out there who would know about iron. Maybe we'll used a straightened out lucky horseshoe for the armature

[thx1138]

Parts Sources

I found some U.S. sites for parts. Search "vintage coffee cans" and "vintage telephones" for references in your country.

Phone Co, Inc.
antique coffee cans

I still haven't found any magnets like those shown but have found some arc magnets that are magnetized through the circumference with 2" O.D., 1" I.D., 1" thick, and 30 degrees arc. Three of those would make a 90 degree arc for each end. So we would need 6 of them. They are Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets (NdFeB) Grade 52.
Arc Magnets

Using 2 magnets 1" X 1" X 1" between the two arcs would give us roughly the magnets shown in the pictures. The following link is to NdFeB, Grade 52 magnets of that size.
1 X 1 X 1 NdFeB, Grade 52

I suspect that being neodymium, they will be much stronger than those used originally because neodymium wasn't developed until 1982 but maybe that would only change the position of the neutral line. I don't remember seeing anything about the Gauss or Tesla of the magnets used originally. I'm clueless about other affects the stronger magnets might have. Maybe higher voltages and/or currents?

I haven't heard back from Belden about the thickness of the wire insulation in the 30's to 50's. At this point, I'm not expecting to hear back from them. Does anyone have a friend that does antique radio restoration that might have some of that old wire that could be measured?

[GSM]

Hi thx1138.

It has been a while since I posted here - mixture of jobs to do, being unwell and different thinking about other energy devices.

Regarding your last -

I don't see any disadvantage in using centre polarising neodi magnets with suitably shaped horse-shoe fabricating steel pole pieces (90 degree flate plate brackets). My feeling is that the neutral line alignments between magnet and armature and armature and buzzer coils will be appropriately adjustable.

I also came across this just last week -
LOT 3 NEW BELDEN 8523-002 RED PVC HOOK UP WIRE 20 AWG 100FT D219018 | eBay
Different colours are available.

Think I remember reading that the Hendershot buzzer coils were also 20AWG enamelled, so if they arrive different, it would not be difficult for us to rewind a pair of large telephone bell ringer cores to match Lester's specification.

Been doing much more thinking ----------------

It has occurred to me that the different so called "Free Energy" devices need to be split up into two basic categories, with those generating either electrical or mechanical output as a result of purely magnetic field induced *atom electron related* spin orbit reversals (Wesley Gary, Hendershot Mk1+2); this 'mechanism' being quite different to those devices which utilise *atom nucleus related* "Freed" Energy due to magnetic field induced electron action within a nucleus (Hendershot Mk3, Akula, Kapanadze)

Field energised 'electron' spin devices will run down as their magnetic sources lose (atomic alignment) retained polarity, though modern neodi type magnets have an atomic structure capable of lasting years (decades?) even under the most field degrading of conditions possible (as long as kept cool).

Field energised 'nucleus' change (physical change of atom nucleus not just alignments) related devices release energy via the induction of modification within the nucleii of non-radioactive atoms , such as with iron Fe>Mn (Hendershot Mk3, Mace-Mayer), cobalt Co>Fe (Colman), copper Cu>Ni(Akula), brass (Kapanadze).
This being the reason why *all* of those 'Freed Energy' nucleus change devices always stop working, no matter how much essential ongoing re-tuning efforts are made to counter the atomic matter based parameters become changed; eventually beyond revival, and requiring repair or rebuild.

Hence I have concluded that the Hendershot Mk3 was a development utilising balanced tin can cores, originally made to oscillate with longitudinal axial field resonance, and tuned by a single aluminium foil capacitor,
but which,
via considerable field induction effects became nucleus modifying and thus able to operable via several different circuit connections of the same coils inducing the gyroscopic electron spins within the cores.
Phase-amplitude relationships led to core resonance 'tuning' being so difficult not just set up, but maintain, and this is why the device *always* ceased operation afterwards as specific spin-field points of iron matter within the can cores *unavoidably* became used up.

Right at the beginning of this thread Chris W implored me to understand the original Mk1+2 designs which eventually led to development of the Hendershot Mk3. I stuck with the Mk3 and its atomic *nucleus* relationships, but wonder if Chris made any progress himself, or has he left this scene entirely.

Working back from the Mk3 I now realise that the MK1+2, and indeed the Mk3 buzzer are implementations of atomic *electron* orbit related fundamental magnetic properties of iron, as had previosly been experimented upon and reported by Wesley Gary in his Patent Grants.
He showed that an iron armature/ core could reverse its own lines of magnetic field in the presence of a horse-shoe (not bar unipolar) field and thus the iron itself could cause motion or generate electricity independently of any magnet attraction reactionary force between the magnet and that iron armature.

So recently I have been hands-on with different Wesley Gary related investigations, these leading me to an understanding of the Hubbard Generator, and also opening up more possibilities in relation to Hendershot's original 'motor' design, even though a motor is not where my interests lie.

Cheers ................... Graham.

[Bob Smith]

Thanks Graham for all this. It helps me better understand these inventions, and why the compass acted the way it did in your video.
Be well.
Bob

[GSM]

Thanks Graham for all this. It helps me better understand these inventions, and why the compass acted the way it did in your video.
Be well.
Bob

Okay - The compass illustrated the field change within the rod.

Wesley Gary Neutral Zone - Video Dailymotion

The field in the rod was reversing even though the magnet had been moved but a fraction of an inch.
The magnet did not cause this reversal - the rod did !

As Wesley Gary explained there is an imaginary 'neutral line' about which the induced field within an armature, core or rod becomes reversed with respect to the fixed magnet field itself.
This is either a series or parallel field alignment within the rod related to its interaction with the magnet field lines between the magnetic poles.
Either the magnet field goes through the rod N>S then N>S between the poles and the rod, with series electron spin alignment;
or;
the field lines around the rod align in the same direction as the field lines between the magnet poles with parallel electron spin alignment.
and thereafter;
the electron orbits through the entire length of the rod become aligned with those which self organise in response to the magnet field.

Wesley Gary's Magnetic Motor

If a spiral coil is wound over the rod it will freely transduce the electron spin/ magnetic field reversals resulting from the fractional mechanical movement.
If the magnet power is increased the 'neutral line' balance point moves further away from the rod.
If the rod is fully overwound, say overall out to three times the inner core diameter, and a more powerful horseshoe magnet is moved radially beside it as in the video it will light first one then another of two reverse connected LEDs as magnet field line influence induces core reversal; and the faster the magnet is moved radially closer to or away from the core within the solenois, then the brighter and more continuous the LED illumination becomes; just as if cutting field lines at right angles with conventional magnetic induction, but not.

Hence, superimpose an alternation upon an already adjusted fixed polarity of magnetic field strength mechanically aligned to almost tip over the field of a nearby core or armature into a transducible field reversal, and you could gain two pulses for a single pulse input. Arrange eight alike solenoids around a central bar generating a 360 degree horse-shoe like field and you have a Hubbard like replication.

Suppose stator like armature/ cores were interspaced around an alternator like Hendershot motor rotor, and those armature/ cores were close to the neutral zone position of radially surrounding horse-shoe magnets.
Would we all not say that such an arrangement could not possibly work, but could the fields of those stators be reactively induced to alternate once the rotor was spun up to a specific speed with a resonant motor capacitor connected between rotor slip ring terminals ?

Cheers .............. Graham.

[Bob Smith]

Okay - The compass illustrated the field change within the rod.

Hence, superimpose an alternation upon an already adjusted fixed polarity of magnetic field strength mechanically aligned to almost tip over the field of a nearby core or armature into a transducible field reversal, and you could gain two pulses for a single pulse input. Arrange eight alike solenoids around a central bar generating a 360 degree horse-shoe like field and you have a Hubbard like replication.

Cheers .............. Graham.

Thanks for that further elaboration, Graham. So, with this Hubbard-like replication, the central core windings must be pulsed, so that the core becomes an on-off electromagnet, with the outer solenoids placed within this tipping zone. And just as your compass swung first one way, then the other (with the rod's relative approach and movement away from the horse shoe magnet's poles), so too, we get two precession waves (and electric impulses on each solenoid) per inner core pulse, as you state in your response. -- Please correct me if I'm wrong.

I'm thinking about reactive losses in this system between the core primary and eight outer solenoids. Here's a thought...
If the inner core were wound with a series-bifilar primary and a single stranded secondary overtop (in series), you could sidestep reactive losses from the outer solenoids, I believe. With the swbf primary, you effectively have a hi voltage, low current LC setup that can pulse into the secondary. If you had the 8 solenoids wound identical to the secondary, would they not effectively become resonant coils (provided the secondary gets to resonance) as well as producing the double impulse?
Just an idea...
Bob

[GSM]

Please correct me if I'm wrong.
Just an idea...
Bob

No correction - and yes more good sharing.

You mention resonance, and would that not be especially suitable for when driving a synchronous (boat) motor !
Not so sure if resonance would be of any value with a resistive load though.

Cheers .......... Graham.

[GSM]

Been doing much more thinking ----------------

There is something I forgot to mention whilst writing that post, and maybe this omission actually led to the words of that post being clearer in isolation than if I had actually mentioned it ...

This aspect we should ALL FORGET is Zero Point Energy !

There is no such thing.
It is a mind**** developed by those incapable of understanding Physics in its entirety, and who thus invent this term as a bluff via which they can establish their supposedly and often highly qualified 'superior understanding'.

If you find anyone using this term then you ask them to STATE exactly what it is their mind wanderings are imagining !

Exponents of ZPE make up this impossibilty, not only because they do not themselves understand, but they are not willing to admit it either, and sadly there are highly qualified peer group educators who disseminate falsehoods about ZPE as if it is fact in order that students might also believe same and therefore suffer similarly stymied mind development.

Did Wesley Gary, Hubbard, Hendershot etc. ever say that their equipments ran on ZPE ?

Cheers ................ Graham.

[wings]

There is something I forgot to mention whilst writing that post, and maybe this omission actually led to the words of that post being clearer in isolation than if I had actually mentioned it ...

This aspect we should ALL FORGET is Zero Point Energy !

There is no such thing.
It is a mind**** developed by those incapable of understanding Physics in its entirety, and who thus invent this term as a bluff via which they can establish their supposedly and often highly qualified 'superior understanding'.

If you find anyone using this term then you ask them to STATE exactly what it is their mind wanderings are imagining !

Exponents of ZPE make up this impossibilty, not only because they do not themselves understand, but they are not willing to admit it either, and sadly there are highly qualified peer group educators who disseminate falsehoods about ZPE as if it is fact in order that students might also believe same and therefore suffer similarly stymied mind development.

Did Wesley Gary, Hubbard, Hendershot etc. ever say that their equipments ran on ZPE ?

Cheers ................ Graham.

from my understanding ZPE act like Superradiance


Superradiance and ferromagnetic behaviour - Springer
http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0209627v1.pdf

[thx1138]

Insulated solid copper 20 AWG wire

I also came across this just last week -
LOT 3 NEW BELDEN 8523-002 RED PVC HOOK UP WIRE 20 AWG 100FT D219018 | eBay
Different colours are available.

The Hendershot notes say 20 AWG insulated solid copper. The Belden wire you listed is 10X30 Tinned Copper stranded wire:
Belden 8523 Hook-up/Lead

I heard back from a man at Belden but he sent me scanned pages from a 1941 Belden Catalog for enameled copper. I replied back asking about jacketed but haven't yet received a reply.

I did, however, find this on an antique radio site which is pretty close but I think too large - 0.120" to 0.125". The colors got my attention, noting that the Hendershot notes said he used colored wire even in the early models. This looks like modern wire dressed up to do antique radio restorations.
20 Gauge Solid 600 Volt Cloth Covered Wire

I guess I could build it both ways and see if it makes a difference. Or maybe use the PVC jacketed solid wire and put spacers between the windings to get the proper conductor separation.

I got some paying work in the door this week so it may be a bit before I get the full parts list together.

I also need ideas about how to lock down the neo magnets since they don't have any mounting holes and there will be some vibration. I was thinking about an epoxy casting with only the ends of the U exposed but am not sure what effect, if any, the epoxy might have on the magnetic field.

[thx1138]

Zpe

Did Wesley Gary, Hubbard, Hendershot etc. ever say that their equipments ran on ZPE ?

Don't know but it's a pretty well established theory developed by the likes of Albert Einstein and Max Planck. Harnessing it would be an altogether different story .

Judging an idea by its enemies though makes me wonder because the same people who denigrate ZPE are the same people who say perpetual motion machines are impossible. I'll buy that when someone can prove that atoms don't exist.

One of my favorite sayings: "In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice. In practice, there is."

[GSM]

I guess I could build it both ways and see if it makes a difference. Or maybe use the PVC jacketed solid wire and put spacers between the windings to get the proper conductor separation.

https://www.radioshack.com/product/i...ductId=2049743
Minute Man Electronics 20 Gauge Solid Hook-Up Wire

I also need ideas about how to lock down the neo magnets since they don't have any mounting holes and there will be some vibration. I was thinking about an epoxy casting with only the ends of the U exposed but am not sure what effect, if any, the epoxy might have on the magnetic field.

With flat surfaces, and strong clamping whilst it bonds, I can confirm that ordinary superglue holds VERY well.

Cheers .............. Graham.