Mr Lester J Hendershot's magnetic generator.

[boguslaw]

Hendershot worked in the mills near Pittsburgh, and did electrical work there.
He is also said to have thought his Generator worked on Earth currents.

Tesla worked with Earth currents, and dreamt of remotely empowering aeroplanes fitted with electric motors !
Was Tesla running a radiating transmitter in 1927-28 ?

A crucial question would be as to whether Tesla investigated with and utilised magnetic buzzers as Hendershot did.

Soft iron does 'condense' an external magnetic field, but a permanent magnet won't.

Cheers ............. Graham.

It was only an analogy Graham. I understand that permanent magnet is made by magnetization process by nobody really knows why it is sustained, except experiments indicate that magnetic running current is a reality (Ed Leedscalnin PHM).

You asked about buzzers. Not sure if this is an answer you searched for but the same source at page 45 , Tesla described his buzzer or high frequency mechanical oscillator.

[GSM]

Can someone answer my question about Hendershot and Hubbard connections ?

I have a theory that people from Pittsburgh were in close contact with Tesla and that was the reason of Hubbard, Hendershot generators. Tesla business relationships with people from Pittsburgh were dated back to 1895 but this is not long from 1919 and 1928 . Worth a check anyway....

Hendershot worked in the mills near Pittsburgh, and did electrical work there.
He is also said to have thought his Generator worked on Earth currents.

Tesla worked with Earth currents, and dreamt of remotely empowering aeroplanes fitted with electric motors !
Was Tesla running a radiating transmitter in 1927-28 ?

A crucial question would be as to whether Tesla investigated with and utilised magnetic buzzers as Hendershot did.

Soft iron does 'condense' an external magnetic field, but a permanent magnet won't.

Cheers ............. Graham.

[boguslaw]

One more note , this time about permanent magnet. I have crazy theory that it is not more then a method to condense external magnetic field the same way as iron having low reluctance allow for creating magnets (just by hit on other metal). sorry for offtopic

[boguslaw]

Can someone answer my question about Hendershot and Hubbard connections ?

About what Pitsburg town we are talking about ? I'm living in Europe and searching for Pitsburg gives me quite large amount of towns in USA.

Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, Washington) had article about Hubbard in 1919. How far is Seattle from Pitsburg ? Or maybe that was Pittsburgh ?

Read this page : Nikola Tesla on His Work With Alternating Currents and Their Application to ... - Nikola Tesla - Google Książki


I have a theory that people from Pittsburgh were in close contact with Tesla and that was the reason of Hubbard, Hendershot generators. Tesla business relationships with people from Pittsburgh were dated back to 1895 but this is not long from 1919 and 1928 . Worth a check anyway....

[GSM]

I mentioned Lester's electric shock in relation to the Mk3 coils.
This was wrong of me.
Lester received his electric shock about 30 years earlier when he was working with either a Mk1 or Mk2generator.

Apologies for this but it does need to be said -

There are too many freaking LIARS in this world, and sadly lies, when often repeated, then tend to be deemed 'facts', whereafter folks who think they speak truthfully can become liars too. Hence in my experience the ones who fabricate the most 'information' are politicians, closely followed by 'professionals', then gossips, schoolkids, fraudsters and shills, all of whom can think that means to some personal end, or of community necessity, is more important than the Truth.

This is what the UK's Lord Moncton said in 2009 regarding the promotion of false statements about so called Global Warming -
__________________________________________________ _________

The Truth is the Truth, is the Truth, is the Truth .....
however many lies are told,
however many people tell the lies, and
however important the people who tell the lies conceive themselves to be.
__________________________________________________ __________

Unfortunately, via my above quoted words - I now truly believe I have unwittingly repeated a lie !

So; regarding this reported 'electric shock':
Where else in the annals of medical history has anyone ever needed to be hospitalised for so long a period due to having received an electric shock ?

Lester was not reported to be burned - but paralysed - and yet electric shocks do not continue to paralyse after the source of electricity has been removed. Also survivors tend to recover quickly, though more slowly if suffering from lightning burned tissues !

This morning I was checking through "The so called Hendershot Motor" by Gaston Burridge, 1956, and found Gaston wrote that a Pittsburg newspaper reporter stated ......... Hendershot was not taken to the hospital for any such shock treatment, but for a Lunacy Test ......... Hendershot was not found "guilty", and was released.

Heck, who would not maintain silence after experiencing such incarceration after being taken from an arranged equipment demonstration for Patent purposes in front of 'legal' officials, and especially if encouraged to not work on that design again through a $25k dollar payment. What is clear is that the Hendershot Mk1 and Mk2 generators 'disappeared', and Lester honoured his side of the bargain. 85 years ago, $25k was a lot of money, and 'yes' that is how long this technology has remained 'dead'. (Until now?)

Now I am sure many here have had original ideas, and thought of or even obtained Patents. I have had several original ideas, but chose to not Patent, for whilst any idea might be original, there is always more than one way of achieving any aim, and thus of cicumnavigating any Patent. I was always aware that if I had Patented a design, that I could still find a way of achieving the same aim using 'different' circuitry. So, whilst the original already known 'Patent applied for' Mk1 and Mk2 Hendershot generators had permanently been laid to rest, there was nothing to prevent Lester from developing something to do the same job of generating electricity, but in an entirely different way !
Hence the much later appearance of his Mk3.

Anyone having such imagineering capabilities would want to see their ideas put to good use, and it is likely that as Lester became more infirm with age he wanted his family to have on-going benefit from his endeavours. He appears to have followed a similar path of seeking witnessed demonstrations and formal discussions about possibilities for commercial manufacture, for one of his drawings has something like "$160 dollars cost per unit" hand written upon it. Subsequently he felt urgent need to secretly flee Mexico, and not long afterwards his life ended suddenly after he said he would leave details of his design 'for posterity'. Sadly his design died with him, and whilst Lester's youngest son Mark is photographed with his own rather large boarded and more recent 'construction', it is clear there is no way that Mark's board could work because the wiring does not satisfy oscillating RF coil requirements; components are better appropriately 'nested' than all neatly and individually spaced out with connection block wiring.

Also, Lester was not merely the basically educated home inventor so often portrayed. Just look at the fine hat he wears in his 1950's photograph demonstrating that Mk3 generator empowering a domestic tube radio. This is the sign of a man having something within that is not widely shared by the general population; then or now !

This other note by son Mark shows humanity too -
OUR READERS WRITE
Pity the photograph has gone, I saw it a year or two ago !

Sadly it seems 'fame', or infamy, can haunt those portrayed to bathe in it, or at least cause some dark individuals to do the haunting, as with Hendershot's acquaintance Lindbergh, who lost his son to kidnappers - still never explained, and right through to the court case a typical dark forces scenario.
http://www.capitalcentury.com/wanted.gif

Think I need another cuppa. I had origally wanted to write more about the Mk1 and Mk2 generators, but I feel it more important that Lester - the man - receives better recogniton.

Back later ............. Graham.

[ChrisW]

Layout, etc.

Greetings, Graham,

I do wish that pictures of the original device were available, but it WAS 1927, after all!

You're quite right, that one photo of the plane does cast some doubt. I'm sure Hilton did his best with the documentation he had available, however.

Last night I was reading the patent draft; it leaves much to be desired. One thing I did notice, something that Hilton did not catch, apparently, is the description of L6, wherein it states (paraphrasing) that a wire is attached to the middle of the INNER windings. Doesn't this imply that an OUTER layer might exist? Why use the word INNER if there is no OUTER?

Things are busy for me right now, so brevity is necessary, but I'll address the other points ASAP.

Based on Hendershot's own words, however, I doubt radium is at play.

Chris

[GSM]

A few thoughts Chris,

I mentioned Lester's electric shock in relation to the Mk3 coils.
This was wrong of me.
Lester received his electric shock about 30 years earlier when he was working with either a Mk1 or Mk2generator.

Also, when looking at the linked photograph of his model aeroplane - that looks like an L13-14 inductor close coupled to the basket weave coils.

I have before mentioned that I could not understand from the notes how the single magnetically enclosed windings of L19 and L25 were expected to be capable of coupling with anything, well looking at the real world photograph, T18 and T27 do NOT appear as they do in the 'schematics'.
I conclude that whilst the notes could have been adequate for essential Patent protection, they might also have contained deliberate disinformation.

You are quite right about this Chris - the fundamental principles must be unravelled, and yet we must always consider that radium salt crystals could have been secreted within some core-coil or buzzer assembly of those early generators.

Early on, as did Hubbard, Moray used radioactivity. Then when Governments no longer allowed ordinary people to safely exploit its natural attributes, their designs could not be replicated. From WW2 onwards, Moray started researching artificial (induced) radioactivity, was it the same with Hendershot, and were the Mk3s his successful if temeperamental outcome ?

Cheers .......... Graham.

[GSM]

Chris ,you mentioned shorted coils,this is what I am working with right now.Like Graham said they do create static noise (I can hear the interference on my radio).
I found that by running the shorting circut through diodes allows the capture of the coil spike, and store them in capacitors, and this seems to eliminate the static as well.
My output on a single coil is 2-3vdc (I just spin my rotor by hand),This value stays the same while collecting the spikes into the caps which go up to 7vdc.
I know these #'s can be increased greatly because I have room for 48 coils in total.
Still alot more things I am going to try, just wish I had more time to dedicate to this.
Thanks for all the info here
shylo

Interesting shylo.
Like the quantised Barkhausen effects which used to be notoriously difficult to suppress with early ferrite cored line output transformers interacting with line oscillator tubes.

At least you are 'hands-on' at the moment, so ahead of me !

Cheers ........... Graham.

[GSM]

.....

we need a scientist

LOL Wings - only as long as that 'scientist' is not an absolute debtor to Their Profession !

Must study your links. Thanks again.

I have been wondering about the stainless steel Mk3 cores because there is noted discussion about whether they should be grades 305 or 316, and whether the metal should attract a magnet or not.

Mention in the notes is that Burridge claimed Hendershot used non-magnetic s-steel, and that the 'Joe Phenomenon' will not manifest if the s-steel core is magnetic.

My observation here is that we are seeking both travelling and short-circuit field concentrations, and that an ordinary tin can was said to have worked in early versions.
Thus the s-steel would need to attract a magnet, and not have a high chromium content.

Again I wonder about NMR.
Had Lester induced artificial radioacativity into the shiny tin plate over a steel can, and had he then moved on to do likewise with the chromium in s-steel ?
Did his L1-C1 tune that NMR ?

Cheers ............ Graham.
.

[GSM]

Hi Chris,

Just batting observations backwards and forwards with you here over the 'net.

Not everything about Lester's Mk1/ 2 circuits is yet in my memory, this because I find it too hard to put everything together here from a joined together fundamental EM viewpoint.
Going through your last post;-

When I see a feed wire going to the centre of a coil I tend to think of either harmonic energisation, especially second, or, non-diode rectification.
I believe that the antenna -No1- was either a small plate, or his model plane metal wing.

Yes, I too had wondered about that resistor on L13/ 14, for it has such high value !
Those inductors are also said to be bobbin wound and having a soft iron core, though without clear statement (not that I have yet found anyway) relating to any turns/ layers, the coil inductance or self resonant frequency.

What strikes me about this part of the arrangement is that these inductors are being single end resonated in order to generate or transduce (or both) a spatial field. Those resonant fields would have voltage components at the open end of each inductor, thus coupling with both the antenna plate and surrounding free space, as well as having oscillating magnetic components in the Earth's magnetic field.

I see that very high value resistor as both keeping resonant bandwidth more easily tunable, and preventing inter-turn insulation breakdown and ionisation loss at the coil ends.
(I'm thinking of Dr Stiffler's demonstrations here. Why did Dr. Stiffler as well not build a toy plane, instead of just light LEDs?)
Were L13/ 14 multilayer, or single layer, and with core tuning adjustment ?

Yes, neither the Mk1 or 2 used capacitors, all resonance was acheived through inductor self-resonance, and/or spatial resonance (these modes having different characteristics and attributes).

Yes - oscillating the coils' magnetic fields against the Earth's magnetic field via voltage reflecting inductors operating in above-Earth free space.

Re the hand wound Mk3 capacitors.
If Lester was invoking core NMR then those capacitors between core and coil would receive a charge which might be magnetically alternated to L1 terminals.
That would also explain his severe electric shock if the bulb blew whilst manually tuning.

If on the other hand the excess energy was purely due to cyclic magnet field energisation via the resonating buzzer, which might also have a phonicly amplifying component, then yes the capacitors could be outboard and amenable to switched/ variable adjustment. Hoewever by the 1950's Lester could have laid his hands on any amount of large airspace tuning capacitors, or even fabricated same for free using air spaced tin cans.

Little by little eh ........

Cheers ......... Graham.
.

[shylo]

Shorted coils

Chris ,you mentioned shorted coils,this is what I am working with right now.Like Graham said they do create static noise (I can hear the interference on my radio).
I found that by running the shorting circut through diodes allows the capture of the coil spike, and store them in capacitors, and this seems to eliminate the static as well.
My output on a single coil is 2-3vdc (I just spin my rotor by hand),This value stays the same while collecting the spikes into the caps which go up to 7vdc.
I know these #'s can be increased greatly because I have room for 48 coils in total.
Still alot more things I am going to try, just wish I had more time to dedicate to this.
Thanks for all the info here
shylo

[wings]

Good info in those links Wings - especially this in the repair article -

Re the coil winding -
"The coil is wound in two sections using three insulating washers, two as cheeks and one as the central partition. There is no coil former; the coil is self supporting. You may want to count the turns on your coil to see if you get the same answer as me. I think there are 610 turns of 0.071 mm (0.003") enamelled copper wire per section. The real interesting thing is that the phase of the coil reverses at the centre. So you wind 610 turns, cross the centre partition and then wind 610 in the opposite direction."

and then later about the fine vibrating actuator wires -
"The little magnetic wire is not working as a piston; it is being alternately stretched by one coil and compressed by the other. I am only guessing but I suspect that the spacing of the two coils is related to half a wavelength of bulk acoustic wave in the wire. So the phase reversal is the key."

This being what could be happening with a central null region around the stainless steel coil cores of the Hendershot Generator ?

Hi John,

I've still got to get my head around the texts in those links, for they are obviously food for thought in relation to the Mk1 generator.

Cheers .......... Graham.

..... The real interesting thing is that the phase of the coil reverses at the centre. So you wind 610 turns, cross the centre partition and then wind 610 in the opposite direction."

Coupling between Current and Dynamic Magnetization from Domain Walls to Spin Waves ?:

http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/...1/lucassen.pdf

we need a scientist


Spin-motive force due to a gyrating magnetic vortex — Kyoto University
6-1 Magnetic Flow Turns Electronics into Spintronics
http://newspin2.physics.tamu.edu/talk/Bauer_1.pdf

[ChrisW]

Observations

In the original Mark I, the tuning coil (L6) had a permanent magnet as its core, and was center-tapped.

In the Mark II, the tuning coil was NOT center-tapped, and the permanent magnet was changed to a ring magnet, placed at one end of the tuning coil. Inside this coil was a second (newly added) resonator strip, electrically connected to the first resonator strip and antenna as seen in the Mark I. The changes to the Mark II were ostensibly made to eliminate the Mark I's requirement to be aligned in a N/S position.

Both the Mark I and Mark II had a resistor in series between the L13 and L14 coils. It is likely that this resistor was used as a tuning mechanism.

Here's the most interesting point, IMHO: Neither the Mark I nor the Mark II utilized capacitors. Only the inter-turn capacitance of the coils was present.

The capacitors introduced in the Mark III enabled the device to store and utilize (recirculate) the energy generated. The introduction of the hand-wound capacitors, as I see it now, while an interesting addition, was entirely unnecessary; their method of construction made the device exceptionally difficult to tune and therefore to get started. I suspect that a large, commercially made, high voltage capacitor wrapped with some number of turns of magnet wire would act in the manner that Lester intended some fifty years ago.

It is becoming clear that this device can be constructed in myriad ways, as evidenced by the first three stages of evolution of Hendershot's work. The central theme is not magnets moving past coils to generate a current as in a conventional generator, but to allow circulating, oscillatory currents to manipulate magnetic fields which then strengthen those circulating currents.

The path to manifestation is becoming clear...

Chris

[GSM]

That last link I provided seems to be different.

Try again -
Fig.3 about half way down.

http://www.overunity.com/7679/selfru...attach/111526/

Cheers ........... Graham

[GSM]

Good to see those links John and Seth, but more than that -
Good to see wider investigation beyond that limited by the capability of any one person; for whilst I am thinking/ working hard at this, I do need to state that whilst I can understand radioactive, induced radioactive/ NMR possibilities, I do not know the solution when it comes to constructing a home generator set, and it is going to take team work to crack this.

There are a couple of other aspects I wish to air about why I am studying the Hendershot generator.

The most significant of these relates to sparks - and the diabolical EM radiation and interference they cause.
*** Anyone who thinks they can run a generator which relies upon spark impulse is likely to be wasting their time because they will have their gear confiscated by the FCC/ military if they attempt to run it continuously. They might then suffer in other ways through action by the authorities.
Also spark gaps generate scalar waves capable of causing permanent internal injury, whilst the sparks themselves can jump, and not only ionise air, but flesh too, and thus either burn or kill. (It is not the spark which burns, but ionisation of the flesh molecules which then release energy as they instantly change, leaving much separated carbon! Got that T-shirt yet?)

*** Anyone who thinks they can draw Earth Ion Energy via use of an antenna plus directly connected tuned L-C oscillator circuitry; ditto. Earth ION Energy
Such circuitry cannot fail to radiate/ receive+re-radiate electromagnetically and thus interfere with authorised services, become eminently traceable, confiscatable, and leave constructors liable to prosecution etc.

So I am saying that those attempting to replicate Don Smith or Kapanadze technology could have a hard time if they are ever traced for unauthorised EM radiation, and also could be sued for damages on a massive scale if they are said to have interfered with or disrupted government/ military services or any other plaintiff in a manner the charged device owner cannot disprove.

So is there a solution? Well this morning's pillow thoughts before I got up were - NO! - keep it clean -

1) Had Don Smith or Kapanadze ever contemplated the possibility of their impulses being generated via a magnetic buzzer, as Hendershot did ?

2) What about ensuring the short circuit core of the Hendershot device is made to be at half cylindrical core distance for the induced phonic field null, this by either silver soldering only say a 1cm/ 0.5" centre section of any core fabricated from cut stainless steel sheet with the rest separated but affixed by epoxy, or if pipe is used, then hacksaw cut down to a central band, or even make several cuts down to the central band in order minimise what would then unavoidably be generated in the form of imbalanced circulating eddy current losses beneath the windings wound over either end ?

As I have said before I was aware of an explanation for the Kapanadze device having a not visible central brass ring beneath the taped and coloured windings, and this is what I tried to search for this morning on the internet to add here.

Well I did not find that exact same Kapanadze cross-section, but I did come across this which I had not seen before, and which has a similar centrally concentrated current. This is something which has been already tried with spark energisation, and is akin to my above 'centre core' thoughts, and to me suggests overlap possibilities which might bring the magnetically energised dual mutually coupled Hendershot coil arrangement, and Kapanadze's spark energised single coil circuitry closer towards a non-EM radiating solution.
See Figure 3 here about half way down the page;-

http://www.overunity.com/7679/selfru...attach/114651/

Cheers ....... Graham.