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You wrote:
>I don't know but the way how it was charged wasn't based on current
flow. To understand how it is possible we must comprehend the true
nature of electricity , because surely it's not a flow of electrons.
>The key question is : why Tesla patented system of electrical conversion
, patent no 462418 as a way for powering devices, not just an oscillator
for electromagnetic waves production as we use today. Anyone would tell
that it's just a simple DC-DC converter but I think there is something
important and different here which I cannot yet understand.
I'm quite sure however that oscillating discharge of capacitor obtained
by Tesla was not an electrical arc! That's the simplest explanation of
obtained results.
It appears that your correlation between Tesla's patent on converting
electrical energy and Ed Gray's Power Conversion Tube is accurate. As
is your belief that electricity doesn't have a current, at least not
with normal electricity.
Regular electricity is vibratory energy. The movement of the
electrons, or the electron drift, is very slow compared to the reverse
positive potential which pulls these electrons. This positive
potential propagates through the wire at the speed of light, which is
around 100,000 miles per second in the dense medium of copper. The
potential almost immediately sets up small regions of electron drift
all along its path, producing the illusion of a current. However, the
electrons themselves only move at around 3mm per second, at normal
voltages. Then, when the direction of the potential keeps reversing
rapidly (with AC), the electrons end up moving back and forth only
around 1/20 of a millimeter, rather than flowing on through the wire
like a current. Still, this vibration has enough movement to generate
heat in the circuit and the load. With DC, the vibrations are in the
same direction, and additional positive pulses are constantly passing,
producing more vibrations.
What Tesla was proposing in his patent (#462418) was to increase the
frequency to the point that the electrons don't actually drift at all,
just vibrate in place, generating a longitudinal electrostatic wave.
This would increase the efficiency by eliminating the component of
electricity which produces heat. And since the electrostatic wave is
longitudinal, the energy is radiant. It's as if each electron gives
off an electrostatic pressure wave along the wire each time its
vibration changes direction. And since there isn't any electron
drift, the heat is absent.
Tesla specified using a circuit's own inductance and capacitance to
produce the high frequency effect, but Leroy Buttolf later reduced it
to practice by patenting an actual device which converts the
electricity into this type of radiant energy. Buttolf used two grids
around a mercury arc, with the grids separated by a dielectric and the
inner grid connected to one of the central electrodes through the
mercury. This tube was in series with the load, with a tuning
inductance connecting the outer grid to the other spark gap electrode.
This inductance can be as small as a straight wire, slightly bent.
This tube is only about 1% efficient, since the frequency isn't high
enough.
Link 1861621
Ed Gray, Pavel Imris, and myself have also patented tubes which
convert electrical power into this type of electrostatic energy. The
Power Conversion Tube CSET patent (Conversion Switching Element Tube)
is the newest, and in some ways is the best approach, since it's also
a switch. Unfortunately, this patent's prior art citations doesn't
include these prior tubes, or Tesla's patent. Hence, the mystery
surrounding its operation.
Gray used one or more grids separated from the second arc electrode,
and each other, by a gas dielectric, with the load connected to the
grid, and inductance in the form of jumper wires interconnecting the
capacitances of the grids, when multiple grids are used. The patent
states that the grids don't have to be round, but can have other
shapes. (Such as triangular.)
Efficient electrical conversion ... - Google Patents
Imris uses a triangular grid separated from the second arc electrode,
for High Voltage operation, by a quartz dielectric and connected to
the adjacent electrode, with an additional grounded cylinder outside
the whole tube, separated by more dielectric, with the tube in series
with the load. The ions around the arc electrode also serve as a
capacitive plate, similar to the mercury in Buttolf's tube. The solid
connective path between the end of the grid and the discharge
electrode serves as a high frequency quarter turn inductance. This
tube generates a broad spectrum of electrostatic pulses up to 10^23
per second. Energy from this tube will decrease the resistance of an
arc, or corona, when the tube is filled with xenon. With neon, the
resistance is increased. The patent states that electrostatic pulses
have different properties than regular EM. The shape of the grid
allows the higher frequencies to be resonated. A grid can be used
adjacent to each discharge electrode. This tube's efficiency can be
over 100%.
OPTICAL GENERATOR OF AN ELECTROSTATIC - Google Patents
My tube uses a grid around the arc electrode, separated by a quartz
dielectric, with the plasma acting as a second plate, and with a
resmod tuning element connected to the grid, and includes the outer
conductive envelope. The load is either in series with the tube or is
connected to a grid around the second discharge electrode. For
frequencies lower than those of light, an inductive and capacitive
tuning circuit can connect the grid and the electrode. This tube can
generate specific frequencies of radiant energy and can be tuned to
produce up to six different frequencies, or colors, at the same time.
It can also be used as a filter, to remove unwanted frequencies. In
the patent I use the term Electric Light, which is how I understood
radiant energy at that time.
Selective frequency optical generator - Google Patents
Here's a picture of some resmods:
Highly Absorbent Black Silicon Could Lead to More Efficient Solar Cells - GoodCleanTech
Black Silicon To Revolutionize Solar Cells | Device Daily
Ed Gray did state that when he decided to develope the CSET his
intention was to harness Tesla's radiant energy. Just as there is
more than one kind of electricity, there are at least 3 kinds of
radiant energy. The kind Tesla was dealing with in his patent was
different than the positive rays he later discovered, which fling
straight out when powered by extremely short unidirectional pulses.
This explains how Ed Gray's tube can operate at only 6,000 pulses per
second, or even a single pulse. It generates a different kind of
radiant energy than previously considered. It's taken me a long time
to understand that the CSET patent is included with the others, with
the other patents being part of the prior art, including Tesla's
patent and the spark pulse generator mentioned below.
The CSET patent states that the purpose of the one way energy
component, or diode, was to protect the arc switch contacts from
erosion caused by back EMF from the arc. However, the diode also
performs a different function as well. T. H. Moray showed that this
kind of energy can be picked up from the earth's environment using an
L shaped antenna. It can be seen that Moray was using the same kind
of energy, since a wire in his circuit could be cut, with the ends of
the wires placed on either side of a sheet of glass, and the circuit
would continue operating. So, as you say, the energy in Tesla's spark
gap was not an arc. This same type of perpendicular energy effect can
be produced with a spark, by T-tapping a High Voltage arc circuit
between the diode and a preceding cap, and positioning the end of this
jumper wire close to the arc. The CSET circuit has this T-tap,
running backwards through the motor to the grids. The T-tap spark
effect generates an oscillation having an extremely high frequency,
somewhere between 10 MHz and one GHz, depending on the size of the
capacitor. The high frequency environment within the CSET may be
tapping into the "Sea of Energy In Which the Earth Floats" that Moray
was using. For some reason, NASA stopped monitoring these four bands
of energy frequencies, back in the 1990's.
Just as the perpendicular spark breaks up into beautiful tiny little
violet colored microscopic spheres of radiant energy as it passes
through the magnetic sheath around the main arc, the battery's
inductively coupled pulse breaks up into tiny pulses of radiant energy
as it passes through the magnetic sheath around the capacitor's
discharge electrode. This radiant energy isn't visible because it's
spread out through too large a volume. Without the battery, the CSET
still produces radiant energy as the magnetic sheath breaks up the
capacitor's energy as it inductively couples with the grid. As you
say, this inductive coupling is not a current.
This inductive coupling effect is the basis for the spark pulse
generator which Ed does list as a reference patent. A cylinder
attached to a capacitive plate inductively transfers charge to a
central wire when the capacitor discharges. What Ed did was turn it
around and couple the central wire to the cylinder, producing radiant
energy in the process, and eliminating heat from the circuit and the
motor. This allows the motor to have much smaller wires than normal.
SHORT PULSE GENERATOR - Google Patents
The Imris patent includes charts which show that efficiencies above
100% have been measured at internal pressures between 4,000 and 5,000
Torr. (Around 6 or 7 atmospheres.) The CSET hasn't been reported as
including this kind of pressure so its over unity operation is likely
based on some other mechanism. However, at least we now know what
kind of energy the electricity is converted into. It might be
interesting to test the CSET's efficiency when filled with high
pressure xenon, as well as when surrounded by the grounded envelope.
Thanks for identifying Tesla's key patent and posting it. This helped
me clear up my own understanding. Ed Gray's statement that positive
rays directed through a super conducting grid could work as a space
drive caused me to incorrectly correlate the positive rays with the CSET.
PS: The diode T-tap circuit produces an ungrounded poly phase HV
component which can produce an environmental hazard, when powered by
the mains. If anyone is using a CSET circuit powered by house
current, you should check for this poly phase component by turning on
a faucet in the sink and seeing if you get shocked by the running
water when the circuit fires. The best bet is to always power this
type of diode circuit with an ungrounded battery inverter. But don't
touch the inverter!
>I don't know but the way how it was charged wasn't based on current
flow. To understand how it is possible we must comprehend the true
nature of electricity , because surely it's not a flow of electrons.
>The key question is : why Tesla patented system of electrical conversion
, patent no 462418 as a way for powering devices, not just an oscillator
for electromagnetic waves production as we use today. Anyone would tell
that it's just a simple DC-DC converter but I think there is something
important and different here which I cannot yet understand.
I'm quite sure however that oscillating discharge of capacitor obtained
by Tesla was not an electrical arc! That's the simplest explanation of
obtained results.
It appears that your correlation between Tesla's patent on converting
electrical energy and Ed Gray's Power Conversion Tube is accurate. As
is your belief that electricity doesn't have a current, at least not
with normal electricity.
Regular electricity is vibratory energy. The movement of the
electrons, or the electron drift, is very slow compared to the reverse
positive potential which pulls these electrons. This positive
potential propagates through the wire at the speed of light, which is
around 100,000 miles per second in the dense medium of copper. The
potential almost immediately sets up small regions of electron drift
all along its path, producing the illusion of a current. However, the
electrons themselves only move at around 3mm per second, at normal
voltages. Then, when the direction of the potential keeps reversing
rapidly (with AC), the electrons end up moving back and forth only
around 1/20 of a millimeter, rather than flowing on through the wire
like a current. Still, this vibration has enough movement to generate
heat in the circuit and the load. With DC, the vibrations are in the
same direction, and additional positive pulses are constantly passing,
producing more vibrations.
What Tesla was proposing in his patent (#462418) was to increase the
frequency to the point that the electrons don't actually drift at all,
just vibrate in place, generating a longitudinal electrostatic wave.
This would increase the efficiency by eliminating the component of
electricity which produces heat. And since the electrostatic wave is
longitudinal, the energy is radiant. It's as if each electron gives
off an electrostatic pressure wave along the wire each time its
vibration changes direction. And since there isn't any electron
drift, the heat is absent.
Tesla specified using a circuit's own inductance and capacitance to
produce the high frequency effect, but Leroy Buttolf later reduced it
to practice by patenting an actual device which converts the
electricity into this type of radiant energy. Buttolf used two grids
around a mercury arc, with the grids separated by a dielectric and the
inner grid connected to one of the central electrodes through the
mercury. This tube was in series with the load, with a tuning
inductance connecting the outer grid to the other spark gap electrode.
This inductance can be as small as a straight wire, slightly bent.
This tube is only about 1% efficient, since the frequency isn't high
enough.
Link 1861621
Ed Gray, Pavel Imris, and myself have also patented tubes which
convert electrical power into this type of electrostatic energy. The
Power Conversion Tube CSET patent (Conversion Switching Element Tube)
is the newest, and in some ways is the best approach, since it's also
a switch. Unfortunately, this patent's prior art citations doesn't
include these prior tubes, or Tesla's patent. Hence, the mystery
surrounding its operation.
Gray used one or more grids separated from the second arc electrode,
and each other, by a gas dielectric, with the load connected to the
grid, and inductance in the form of jumper wires interconnecting the
capacitances of the grids, when multiple grids are used. The patent
states that the grids don't have to be round, but can have other
shapes. (Such as triangular.)
Efficient electrical conversion ... - Google Patents
Imris uses a triangular grid separated from the second arc electrode,
for High Voltage operation, by a quartz dielectric and connected to
the adjacent electrode, with an additional grounded cylinder outside
the whole tube, separated by more dielectric, with the tube in series
with the load. The ions around the arc electrode also serve as a
capacitive plate, similar to the mercury in Buttolf's tube. The solid
connective path between the end of the grid and the discharge
electrode serves as a high frequency quarter turn inductance. This
tube generates a broad spectrum of electrostatic pulses up to 10^23
per second. Energy from this tube will decrease the resistance of an
arc, or corona, when the tube is filled with xenon. With neon, the
resistance is increased. The patent states that electrostatic pulses
have different properties than regular EM. The shape of the grid
allows the higher frequencies to be resonated. A grid can be used
adjacent to each discharge electrode. This tube's efficiency can be
over 100%.
OPTICAL GENERATOR OF AN ELECTROSTATIC - Google Patents
My tube uses a grid around the arc electrode, separated by a quartz
dielectric, with the plasma acting as a second plate, and with a
resmod tuning element connected to the grid, and includes the outer
conductive envelope. The load is either in series with the tube or is
connected to a grid around the second discharge electrode. For
frequencies lower than those of light, an inductive and capacitive
tuning circuit can connect the grid and the electrode. This tube can
generate specific frequencies of radiant energy and can be tuned to
produce up to six different frequencies, or colors, at the same time.
It can also be used as a filter, to remove unwanted frequencies. In
the patent I use the term Electric Light, which is how I understood
radiant energy at that time.
Selective frequency optical generator - Google Patents
Here's a picture of some resmods:
Highly Absorbent Black Silicon Could Lead to More Efficient Solar Cells - GoodCleanTech
Black Silicon To Revolutionize Solar Cells | Device Daily
Ed Gray did state that when he decided to develope the CSET his
intention was to harness Tesla's radiant energy. Just as there is
more than one kind of electricity, there are at least 3 kinds of
radiant energy. The kind Tesla was dealing with in his patent was
different than the positive rays he later discovered, which fling
straight out when powered by extremely short unidirectional pulses.
This explains how Ed Gray's tube can operate at only 6,000 pulses per
second, or even a single pulse. It generates a different kind of
radiant energy than previously considered. It's taken me a long time
to understand that the CSET patent is included with the others, with
the other patents being part of the prior art, including Tesla's
patent and the spark pulse generator mentioned below.
The CSET patent states that the purpose of the one way energy
component, or diode, was to protect the arc switch contacts from
erosion caused by back EMF from the arc. However, the diode also
performs a different function as well. T. H. Moray showed that this
kind of energy can be picked up from the earth's environment using an
L shaped antenna. It can be seen that Moray was using the same kind
of energy, since a wire in his circuit could be cut, with the ends of
the wires placed on either side of a sheet of glass, and the circuit
would continue operating. So, as you say, the energy in Tesla's spark
gap was not an arc. This same type of perpendicular energy effect can
be produced with a spark, by T-tapping a High Voltage arc circuit
between the diode and a preceding cap, and positioning the end of this
jumper wire close to the arc. The CSET circuit has this T-tap,
running backwards through the motor to the grids. The T-tap spark
effect generates an oscillation having an extremely high frequency,
somewhere between 10 MHz and one GHz, depending on the size of the
capacitor. The high frequency environment within the CSET may be
tapping into the "Sea of Energy In Which the Earth Floats" that Moray
was using. For some reason, NASA stopped monitoring these four bands
of energy frequencies, back in the 1990's.
Just as the perpendicular spark breaks up into beautiful tiny little
violet colored microscopic spheres of radiant energy as it passes
through the magnetic sheath around the main arc, the battery's
inductively coupled pulse breaks up into tiny pulses of radiant energy
as it passes through the magnetic sheath around the capacitor's
discharge electrode. This radiant energy isn't visible because it's
spread out through too large a volume. Without the battery, the CSET
still produces radiant energy as the magnetic sheath breaks up the
capacitor's energy as it inductively couples with the grid. As you
say, this inductive coupling is not a current.
This inductive coupling effect is the basis for the spark pulse
generator which Ed does list as a reference patent. A cylinder
attached to a capacitive plate inductively transfers charge to a
central wire when the capacitor discharges. What Ed did was turn it
around and couple the central wire to the cylinder, producing radiant
energy in the process, and eliminating heat from the circuit and the
motor. This allows the motor to have much smaller wires than normal.
SHORT PULSE GENERATOR - Google Patents
The Imris patent includes charts which show that efficiencies above
100% have been measured at internal pressures between 4,000 and 5,000
Torr. (Around 6 or 7 atmospheres.) The CSET hasn't been reported as
including this kind of pressure so its over unity operation is likely
based on some other mechanism. However, at least we now know what
kind of energy the electricity is converted into. It might be
interesting to test the CSET's efficiency when filled with high
pressure xenon, as well as when surrounded by the grounded envelope.
Thanks for identifying Tesla's key patent and posting it. This helped
me clear up my own understanding. Ed Gray's statement that positive
rays directed through a super conducting grid could work as a space
drive caused me to incorrectly correlate the positive rays with the CSET.
PS: The diode T-tap circuit produces an ungrounded poly phase HV
component which can produce an environmental hazard, when powered by
the mains. If anyone is using a CSET circuit powered by house
current, you should check for this poly phase component by turning on
a faucet in the sink and seeing if you get shocked by the running
water when the circuit fires. The best bet is to always power this
type of diode circuit with an ungrounded battery inverter. But don't
touch the inverter!
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