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Lecture #1 - The E.V. Gray Technology Transformer
Dear Members:
Here is a compilation about the technical tid-bits of the transformer used in the e.V. Gray Technology. If anybody has additional historical information on this subject I would certainly like to have you share it with the group.
Custom Transformers & The E.V. Gray Technology
In 1976 Richard Hackenberger had an interesting phone conversation with GD (recorded) about the manufgacturing details of the Electrostatic Generator. This is after “Hack” had three years to dig into the Free Energy Technology that had been left behind by Marvin Cole. Richard was explaining to the non-technical GD how the custom inverter transformer was the heart of this technology. In previous writings he had discussed how he thought some kind of interaction with an electric arc and the oxygen in the air was responsible for the observed energy gains in the systems that he was hired to advance. This certainly makes sense since it is the power transformer that provides the proper form of excitation energy to get the non-classical event to take place.
What do we know about this transformer? From a review of the surviving documents we can list a few possible facts:
1. Its primary was intended to operate from 12 or 24 volt lead-acid storage batteries. This is a high current low source impedance DC source.
2. The transformer received a chopped square wave input that had been switched by means of a mechanical vibrator (100 Hz) and then later on by means of power transistors (8 KHz).
3. This was a voltage step up process that was on the order of 1:250 (12 volts to 3000 volts). Jack Scagnetti was told that the engine electronics ran on 24 VDC (1:125). In 1973 Mr. Gray described to Mr. Cannady that another circuit used a Sears’s battery charger transformer wired backwards. This would imply a step up ratio of about 1:10. One observed Electrostatic Generator was claimed to have a 1400 VDC output. This would be a ratio of about 1:120. So, there is quite a range of ratios to consider.
4. In the Pulse Engine Patent these transformers were described as “automotive ignition coils being employed as [voltage] step up transformers”.
5. These transformers were custom made by Mallory Electric Company of Reno, NV. However, however Mallory didn’t set up shop in Reno until 1969, so there must have been another fabricator who made these units prior to 1969.
6. The per unit fabrication cost had to be less than $58 in 1974 money (about $580 in 2011 money). This was the projected manufacturing cost of one Electrostatic Generator which included one of these types of transformers operating at a power level of about 50 VA. One can speculate as to how much of this figure was for the transformer and how much was for all the other parts, labor, and testing. A good hip-shot proportion would be around 20%. That would make a custom made transformer today (in lots of 100) worth about $120. This only shows that the quantity of copper and core iron used was not much greater than what is found in a modern Microwave Oven Transformer. Today’s high copper costs would probably change these calculations somewhat.
7. It was believed that any common transformer fabrication shop (in 1974) could make these units and they would only cost about 10% more than a classical transformer of the same weight.
8. If the schematic from the Pulse Engine Patent is correct in its limited disclosure format, then we can see that the primary was center tapped and the secondary was isolated. This topology is much different than a common automotive ignition coil which has one side of the primary and secondary connected in common. The center tapped primary establishes that the circuit operated in classical transformer mode, rather than induction transformer mode.
9. In the 1974 EMA4-E1 Free Energy Engine two transformers were tied together to compose one unit power supply. The purpose and the proper wiring of this relationship have not been determined.
10. In 1979 Mr. Hackenberger developed a power supply along the same lines as one described above that had two outputs and only one transformer. Electrically this would be an equivalent approach.
11. The transformer could operate at audio frequencies since the “advanced” Electrostatic Generator” was tested and observed to operate at 8 KHz.
12. Mr. Hackenberger disclosed to GD that if the load were removed from the “advanced” Electrostatic Generator it would be the same as turning off the power switch. This implies that the load is in series with the supply battery. There are only a few oscillator circuits that can operate this way. This also suggests that the transformer may have been more along the lines of an autotransformer rather than a classical power transformer with an isolated secondary. This would imply that the schematic for the Pulse Engine was misleading.
Mark McKay
Dear Members:
Here is a compilation about the technical tid-bits of the transformer used in the e.V. Gray Technology. If anybody has additional historical information on this subject I would certainly like to have you share it with the group.
Custom Transformers & The E.V. Gray Technology
In 1976 Richard Hackenberger had an interesting phone conversation with GD (recorded) about the manufgacturing details of the Electrostatic Generator. This is after “Hack” had three years to dig into the Free Energy Technology that had been left behind by Marvin Cole. Richard was explaining to the non-technical GD how the custom inverter transformer was the heart of this technology. In previous writings he had discussed how he thought some kind of interaction with an electric arc and the oxygen in the air was responsible for the observed energy gains in the systems that he was hired to advance. This certainly makes sense since it is the power transformer that provides the proper form of excitation energy to get the non-classical event to take place.
What do we know about this transformer? From a review of the surviving documents we can list a few possible facts:
1. Its primary was intended to operate from 12 or 24 volt lead-acid storage batteries. This is a high current low source impedance DC source.
2. The transformer received a chopped square wave input that had been switched by means of a mechanical vibrator (100 Hz) and then later on by means of power transistors (8 KHz).
3. This was a voltage step up process that was on the order of 1:250 (12 volts to 3000 volts). Jack Scagnetti was told that the engine electronics ran on 24 VDC (1:125). In 1973 Mr. Gray described to Mr. Cannady that another circuit used a Sears’s battery charger transformer wired backwards. This would imply a step up ratio of about 1:10. One observed Electrostatic Generator was claimed to have a 1400 VDC output. This would be a ratio of about 1:120. So, there is quite a range of ratios to consider.
4. In the Pulse Engine Patent these transformers were described as “automotive ignition coils being employed as [voltage] step up transformers”.
5. These transformers were custom made by Mallory Electric Company of Reno, NV. However, however Mallory didn’t set up shop in Reno until 1969, so there must have been another fabricator who made these units prior to 1969.
6. The per unit fabrication cost had to be less than $58 in 1974 money (about $580 in 2011 money). This was the projected manufacturing cost of one Electrostatic Generator which included one of these types of transformers operating at a power level of about 50 VA. One can speculate as to how much of this figure was for the transformer and how much was for all the other parts, labor, and testing. A good hip-shot proportion would be around 20%. That would make a custom made transformer today (in lots of 100) worth about $120. This only shows that the quantity of copper and core iron used was not much greater than what is found in a modern Microwave Oven Transformer. Today’s high copper costs would probably change these calculations somewhat.
7. It was believed that any common transformer fabrication shop (in 1974) could make these units and they would only cost about 10% more than a classical transformer of the same weight.
8. If the schematic from the Pulse Engine Patent is correct in its limited disclosure format, then we can see that the primary was center tapped and the secondary was isolated. This topology is much different than a common automotive ignition coil which has one side of the primary and secondary connected in common. The center tapped primary establishes that the circuit operated in classical transformer mode, rather than induction transformer mode.
9. In the 1974 EMA4-E1 Free Energy Engine two transformers were tied together to compose one unit power supply. The purpose and the proper wiring of this relationship have not been determined.
10. In 1979 Mr. Hackenberger developed a power supply along the same lines as one described above that had two outputs and only one transformer. Electrically this would be an equivalent approach.
11. The transformer could operate at audio frequencies since the “advanced” Electrostatic Generator” was tested and observed to operate at 8 KHz.
12. Mr. Hackenberger disclosed to GD that if the load were removed from the “advanced” Electrostatic Generator it would be the same as turning off the power switch. This implies that the load is in series with the supply battery. There are only a few oscillator circuits that can operate this way. This also suggests that the transformer may have been more along the lines of an autotransformer rather than a classical power transformer with an isolated secondary. This would imply that the schematic for the Pulse Engine was misleading.
Mark McKay
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