Hendershot Replications

[mlurye]

morpher44,
try to replace your custom capacitor with standard of the same value and may be put variable capacitor in parallel for fine tuning. Will you get same result?

[morpher44]

magnet poles - battery polarity experiments...

In this video I experiment with both battery polarities and both magnetic poles to see what combination makes the relay oscillate when attached to the Hendershot-"like" circuit.

YouTube - "Hendershot Fuelless Generator" - Relay & Bar & Magnet Study

[morpher44]

the cap...

morpher44,
try to replace your custom capacitor with standard of the same value and may be put variable capacitor in parallel for fine tuning. Will you get same result?

@mlurye

Yes ... good idea. I did try that the other day. I don't have a capacitor
that is exactly equivalent in value but I did experiment with caps
that range from the picofarads up to about 3MFD. This in an attempt
to determine if larger capacitance is wanted there since
7.8nF seemed like such a small value.

I think there is a trade-off being struck here in that low capacitance
will produce high-voltage ringing on the tank circuit ... which
can then arrive across the coil to L2, L3 and L4. Large voltage
perturbations will ring up and down the coil. These will induce
voltage in the other part of the coil ... yes ... but not a lot of current.

With a larger value of capacitance, the ringing frequency appears
to stretch longer, with voltages not as high ... and an increase in current.

There is an current-phase ... and a voltage-phase that can be
controlled and adjusted via this capacitance ... and
in terms of tuning, I suspect that you need to hit a "sweet spot"
with respect to the frequency of the buzzer mechanism.
The buzzer jitters like crazy, however, making this difficult.
I do notice that the buzzer appears to oscillate at
certain STEP frequencies. It will buzz along at a high frequency
and suddenly drop down some harmonic ... and buzz lower ...
or vice-a-verse. There is no gradual -- smooth -- transition
across a frequency spectrum.
The magnet I'm using is very strong ... and may cause that.

I'm interested in the idea that the hand-wound capacitor placed
inside the coil may benefit from the electric field created
in that coil.
Last nite I experimented with that a bit ... cap inside coil vs. outside.
There is quite a difference of waveform on the oscilloscope.

[Joit]

If some Parts still dont make sense, feel free to point me at it.
I replaced the Pictures with Text, but you should could sort them out,
when you open the PDF beside this Thread.
I do past it here, because i dont know, where else i could host it.

Generator built after specifications from Lester Hendershot by Arthur Aho.

Should, according to the current owner, at activation by
Lester Hendershot light up a 60 watt bulb.

******************
Picture 1
******************

With this Version you are surly familar from the Internet:

******************
Picture 2
******************

At the footer from in the Backround laying Brochure stands at my Opinion
"By Arthur C. Aho.

******************
Picture 3
******************

Here you see the buzzer.

Both electromagnets are made of a bell, or similar, removed and attached with metal strips at both Electromagents (on the side where the connection contacts are, too) attached to the piece of plexiglass and displaceable
with the spindle to the magnet / metal strips.
This can be seen on the last picture from this paper again.
The DC resistance of both coils in series is 6 ohms.
The magnet is 5 inches wide, 1.5 inches deep and 1 inch high.
The metal strip is 5 inches wide and 1 inch high.
The outer dimensions of the electromagnets are: 2.5 inches long with 1 inch diameter.
The diameter of the enameled copper wire is about 0.51 mm ie around 24th AWG

From a report by Skilling, I have learned that the buzzer act at his inner workings like a headphone speaker is built.
I can quite not understand it, because in a magnetic speaker (see drawing),
which in my Opinion come closest to this arrangement,
would at last be a coil, wound on the magnetic poles associated with iron rods.
Then, after connecting Votlage to the Coils, this generated magnetic field
would overlay the magnetic field of permanent magnets and
thereby modulate the magnetic flux through the iron bars and iron membrane.
The air gap between the iron bars and the membrane can be adjusted with such a thread in headsets.
This would be again such a similarity to the buzzer.

******************
Picture 4
******************

Magnetic speaker
Ma = magnetic, S = coil, Me = iron membrane
Further announces Skilling, Hendershot had used in his early experiments a set of headphones
and if he had heard a scratching sound, this was a sign that the generator is now operating and was able to deliver Power.
In progress of development and performance enhancement of the generator,
this "headphone speakers' been greater dimensioned and a component of the generator.

******************
Picture 5
******************

This is the "left" PCU.
I had always wondered what else this TEST "point" would be.
With this detail photo and a diagram (see below), it is clear.

******************
Picture 6
******************

The coil, what is flat wound at the bottom section of the basket coil, is clamped here
on the two "+ contacts" of the former TM58 - Duo electrolytic capacitor.

******************
Picture 7
******************

This is the right Basket coil from the right PCU. Here, the former ground pin of the TM58 Duo Elko is lead out, too.
He was pressed directly for the test to the connector contact of the lamp base. I have it located in the diagram in dotted lines.

******************
Picture 8
******************

View of the transformer / Conductor in the "left" PCU.
It is an American 110 V to 6.3 V power transformer.
The metal rings used in this version of the PCU's are made of cold-rolled soft and are therefore magnetic.
They are frequently spot-welded at the seam / overlap point. The inner diameter of the metal rings is 5.25 inch, at a height of 2.75 inches.

******************
Picture 9
******************

Rear view from the Generator.


From these photos, I can draw the following diagram:

******************
Picture 10
******************

The circuit reminds me somewhat of the documents published by Skilling and O'Brian diagrams.
What is new is displaying the handmade capacitors at the PCU's.
The mass foil and -connections of the former Pyramid TM58 Duo electrolytic capacitors I have drawn in,
because they are used in this circuit, too.

All unmodified capacitors have a capacitance of 40μF with 110Volt AC.

I have canceled the images because i am not in mood, to create for lukewarm the Basics
for any articles in any "free energy" newspaper / building instructions.
I am ready to exchange non-evaluated against good,
for me unknown pictures / movies, etc. regarding this subject
At Interest mail to crusty7@gmx.de <mailto:crusty7@gmx.de>

[mlurye]

Joit,
Thank you very much

[morpher44]

some comments on German translation...

If some Parts still dont make sense, feel free to point me at it.

@Joit

Thanks for the info...
Very useful...

Some comments:

1. Those "bell ringer" coils don't look like they have 24 AWG wire.
It looks, from the photograph more like 30 AWG or so.
However, a resistance of 6ohms with 24 AWG would imply 233 feet
of wire for both coils (100 feet per bobin approx.) .
If it was 30 AWG, it would imply 58 feet of wire... so I guess
I buy its 24 AWG.

2. Hendershot's 5 inch wide, 3 pole magnet would be pretty hard to
find these days.

3. That is a very cool idea of using "headphones". I hadn't read that before.
Hendershot may not have had access to an oscilloscope.
Also, I find that when you attach a scope, the ground wire from the
scope adds a ground to the circuit in a place you may not want it.
His circuit probably should NOT be attached to a ground ...
or that ground needs to be perhaps between the 40 and 80 MFD caps.
"scratching sound"? I would assume that would be high-voltage spikes --
essentially.

4. Re: test point wired to "longer" plate inside hand-wound capacitor.
There don't appear to be instructions calling for that longer plate to
be brought OUT. However, it occurs to me that the cylinder, made of
metal, is essentially an extension of the capacitor and that could be
the place to attach any sort of wire for a test point if needed.

5. re: TM58 - Duo electrolytic capacitor
It seems to me that non-polarized ... non electrolytic caps
should be used. However, I'm not sure. I suppose
electrolytic caps could provide a DC bias ... which might be important.
Hendershot may have been unaware that these can explode
with AC applied ... and he may have done things in a very
non-conventional manner. This issue will require some playing around...

6. re: transformers placed in basket weave coil.
I'm assuming that these may have just been put there
to make it more convenient to move the system around.
In practice, it may not be necessary to place these inside.
Some Hendershot photo's show them in there .. others show them
outside. I'm assuming that any magnetic fields they emit probably
don't play much of a role in terms of inducing current in the
basketweave coils. But who knows.

7. re: American 110 V to 6.3 V transfomer
Other circuits show a 5:1 transformer ... 120v/24v.
Could Hendershot be using these for their inductance properties
... and not as a conventional transformer?

[morpher44]

crusty

I tried wiring up the "traced out by crusty" circuit.
See attached.
My transformer is a 5:1 - not this 115v/6.3v transformer,
but still, I was curious what would happen.

I find that with the magnet, I can bring the relay
down to unbelievably slow frequencies.
However, there is not much power to the load.
The neon barely lights when I use a 6v battery
to drive the relay pulses.
With a 1.5v battery, neon will not light.

Also, the oscilloscope shows unimpressive waveforms
on L2 and L1 ... just voltage spike ... no square wave
like the other circuit (post #2 above).

It seems odd to wire the buzzer so that it is NOT attached
to L2.

There are other circuits to try
and I figure by focusing on only the half the circuit,
I might gain some insights into the full circuit.

[morpher44]

energy from radio interference?

In the Barry Hilton book, Appendix B, there is presented
the material from "Utility Engines".
This is very neat that this was not lost.

In the attached circuit, we see a tank circuit on primary side
with a 365 pf variable capacitor and a 58 uH coil on a 1 inch plastic
pipe. I calculate that this would tune frequencies in the range of
1 Mhz to 5 Mhz (when the 1nF by-pass cap is not connected).

In the other attached image is a table from data
obtained from this article.

1965IAUS...23..309H Page 309

The interesting feature of this circuit is that there are two
secondary coils wired on either side of the primary coil
and the turn ratio is about 3.18 greater on either side -- if
we think of them as a transformer.
On this secondary side is a dual 365 pF variable capacitor
and some germanium diodes forming two half-wave
rectifiers -- wired ored -- to produce a full-wave rectification.
The DC pulses are then feed into either a speaker
or "Hendershot's motor".

In the book "The Hendershot Motor Mystery" (see link in 1st post of this
thread), page 9, there is this ...

"Hendershot was quite emphatic to me regarding the plans put
out by the "Utility Engines" not being of his device. He was so
emphatic, in fact, I felt he, like the maiden, "didst protest too
much". Thus, 'the ol' hound dawrg's nose' went to the ground! In
due course it came up with the information furnished by an
acquaintance of Hendershot's to the effect that the Hendershot
had remarked at the time, while the "Utility Engines" information was
not his device, "it was pretty d--- close!".

[Joit]

Just point me at translation Errors .

But anyway,

The Buzzer's
The Buzzer, what are made here have mainly very thin Wire, i think #30 isnt enough,
maybe 34.
I dont know, how yours are build, but most i have seen had very thin Wires.
Our Supply's for Bells is 6-12V.

Capacitors.
I still have no Idea too, how they been build, but first,
did'nt someone mention, he used Radium on them or i am wrong?
This would give them a Potential from about 2,8V.
And second, maybe, how he did build it, it doesnt explode, like ours do,
he maybe used better Foil, or a other Isolater, what did make the different.
For a unpoled Cap i would more figure, he had taken 2 Plates or the old 3 plate Caps?
But thats just my 2 Cents.

Transformator.
You have seen, what Skywatcher did do with a pulsed Transformer?
i think, they act pretty different, when you feed them with Spikes or pulsed current,
instead steady AC, like we usual do.
So, yes, anyhow, it did half transform, and the other half was amplifying, i think.

Sorry, cant help more with the other Things.

[morpher44]

response to Joit

Just point me at translation Errors .

But anyway,

The Buzzer's
The Buzzer, what are made here have mainly very thin Wire, i think #30 isnt enough,
maybe 34.
I dont know, how yours are build, but most i have seen had very thin Wires.
Our Supply's for Bells is 6-12V.

Capacitors.
I still have no Idea too, how they been build, but first,
did'nt someone mention, he used Radium on them or i am wrong?
This would give them a Potential from about 2,8V.
And second, maybe, how he did build it, it doesnt explode, like ours do,
he maybe used better Foil, or a other Isolater, what did make the different.
For a unpoled Cap i would more figure, he had taken 2 Plates or the old 3 plate Caps?
But thats just my 2 Cents.

Transformator.
You have seen, what Skywatcher did do with a pulsed Transformer?
i think, they act pretty different, when you feed them with Spikes or pulsed current,
instead steady AC, like we usual do.
So, yes, anyhow, it did half transform, and the other half was amplifying, i think.

Sorry, cant help more with the other Things.

@joit

re: buzzer
If the ohms is low, this implies higher current is needed
to make them respond.
If what is wanted is current flowing back and forth
from left to right (similar to the Tesla switch notion),
then low ohms is wanted yes -- implying solenoids with larger
gauge wire.
Back in the 30s to 60s, telephone ringers likely
were stimulated with 20 to 40 hertz AC, from 40 to 150 volts AC.
A 0.47 uF capacitor isolated these ringers from the line.
Most gong style ringers were resonant from 20 to 40 Hz
but will respond between 15hz and 68hz.
I can't find much on the inductance of a bell ringer coil ..
or how they are made. It seems the inductance value should
be pretty high ... such as an 11mH air coil to start ... and then
place an iron core inside to boost its inductance up by 5000.
Just a guess on my part ... however. Perhaps someone
with old-school telephony experience would know the answer
to the "what is the wire gauge for these solenoids ... and
how many turns on what size bobbin?".
OR, perhaps you can find an old telephone on ebay and take
out its ringer.

re: hand-wound capacitors
It was Hubbard (and not Hendershot) that
admitted to putting radioactive material -- such as Radium --
in his coil ... to ionize it.
That material was expensive ... and its not clear if
this was disinfo or something Hubbard actually did.
I think Hubbard's coil is interesting and might be worth replicating ..
even w/o radioactive materials.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- NMR -- does not imply
radioactive material ... even though the word "Nuclear" appears
in the name NMR.
Hendershot's coil may be exploiting NMR effects as well ... who knows?

Oh .. the "exploding" comment was respect to his 40MFD/80MFD
Pyramid caps ... used as-is in the circuit. There was information that
these old caps were polarized.
You can buy regular AC caps (like those found in air conditioning units
or motor started devices).
For his hand-wound caps, he would take one of these apart and
remove the dielectric to harvest only the foil for his by-hand
constructed one.

@ transformer with spikes
I was referring more to the unconventional way Hendershot may
have wired these up. Normally transformers are used in
a step-up or step-down manner. Hendershot's wiring diagram
is "unconventional" in that the circuits winds in to the primary,
out again to other coils, in to the secondary, out again...
So to do circuit analysis here, you have to keep track of
phases, mutual inductance, etc. Its non trivial -- at least for me.
In the Barry Hilton book there are several alternative ways
to hook up the circuit ... and so discovering which is the
best is probably best done by attempting them all to see
what happens ... i.e. the brute-force Edison approach.

[mlurye]

I found this schema on German overunity website. And modified it a little bit. The only thing, the direction of coils is wrong and should be adjusted.

[Joit]

Wich one especially?
I will past over, when you tell me, wich one.
Let me guess, all ?

[mlurye]

Joit.
If you are talking about schema. I didn't built my coil yet, currently building 1st one But as soon as I'll finish both coils, I will play with directions.

[synchro]

Wesley Gary's neutral zone.

The July 16th 1879 patent of Wesley Gary's Improvement of Magneto Electric Device, and his analysis of the existence of the neutral line in the magnetic field of a permenent horseshoe magnet. This can be found on line at the Rex Research Lab site. Gary's soft Iron armature was spring balanced, his actuator mechanical cam. The Iron bar only vibrates half a millimeter, or a fiftieth of an inch to reverse polarity, inside and outside of the neutral zone, which can be located when a paper clip falls off the Iron bar when brought into proximity with the poles of the permenent magnet. A half millimeter of fluctuation range is what it takes, not nano meters or centimeters. Within that range, the soft Iron bar polarizes and goes neutral, then repolarizes reversely, when it reaches the other side. Hendershot's coil capacitor tank circuit is an induction output coil that generates current when the magnetic induction current reverses polarity. It would be interesting to see how those alternate pick ups generated current from a spinning magnet from a Bedini coil. I believe that Steve Mark fluctuated a keeper with a Piezo chip inside a transformer coil, and that the Nazi's used vacuum tubes to power their UFO's with U magnet fluctuators. A south pole triggered Reed relay on each side of the armature could pulse a Solenoid just as the poles reverse each way, and make the armature flutter. Each tiny vibration equal to a full revoloution of the bar magnet. Rodin coils might be a better choice for induction output at this time, placed over the armature at each end, and wired together in a tank circuit

[jeanna]

OOPS I missed the second page!
I will leave my post unchanged, but I posted it after reading only page 1.
sorry...
~~~~
Hi Morpher44,

This is a very interesting thread.
Youtube is down at the moment so I will watch those vids later.

I would like to suggest that you put induction coils IN SERIES on each of those L's.
I found that they are even more effective than capacitors. I am beginning to use caps too to tank and otherwise, but if there were one to choose it would be the inductor.

It is an entirely different animal from the same coil being used as a transformer.
The reason is that in series every pulse going down the line makes another spike and that 'creates' more energy.

Give it a try. If I can find my way back here I will check back tomorrow.
(I keep getting lost on this forum .)

thank you, this is wonderful stuff,

jeanna