Hendershot Replications

[morpher44]

divide or multiply?

Hendershot coil will resonate at all this frequencies.
1823 * 4 =7294 m, 41126 Hz
L=120uH
C=0.1248uF (Not 1.3 as mentioned on note, 1 decimal off)
divide by 32 = 56.949265 meters, 5264202.452715 hz ~5.26MHz (Moray was using his device with 5MHz)

@mlurye
Ok. Looks like your multiplying wavelength by 4 there
to go to a lower frequency.

re: frequencies in the 1Mhz to 6Mhz range.
In the 60s, space satellites were used to investigate the
RF spectrum and it was found that most radiant energy
arriving to earth from space lies in the 1Mhz to 6Mhz range.
You can pick this interference up on your AM band or
if you have a short-wave radio, you can listen to the
stuff that arrives from 1.6Mhz upwards to 6Mhz.
It arrives day and night ... but at night you can
really pick it up nicely.
Also, the signal strength from any transmitting
source out there will vary as the Earth rotates around
and providing good line-of-sight or not to the transmitting
object. The sun is obviously one important "transmitter"
out there ... and depending upon storms on the sun, etc.
you can pick up varying amounts of energy.

[NOMDI]

@morpher44

I was thinking the inductance and capacitance of the
tank circuit was the dominant set of values for tuning as well.
But now I'm not so confident in that assumption.

The 120uH you assume is not actually what will be seen
by the tank circuit.
Inductance is a funny thing in that it is influenced
by mutual induction as well.
So since we have a 64-turn coil UNDER that "tank" coil,
it behaves like a transformer.
The other side of that transformer has several other
inductances hooked up in series.
The tank circuit, therefore sees a much larger inductance ...
upwards into the millihenries, since we
are dealing with those 5:1 transformers, etc.
Again, I'm no expert in circuit analysis ... and
all this crazy mutual inductance makes the problem
quite complex.

I have clued into the fact that if you can make
all these inductances experience the same rising and
falling magnetic field (up and down the sign wave),
you utilize the phases to create a nice
180 degree phase shift. One transformer ... gives you 90 degrees.
A 2nd transformer gives you another 90 degrees, resulting in 180.
With a 180 phase shift you can then do "regeneration"
of the waveforms ... adding their amplitudes...

So if the waveform -- arriving to the left-hand side were to be
run through essentially two transformers -- each shifting phase
90 degrees .... when that arrives to the right-hand side,
it too would produce magnetic fields that go up and down
in the same way. The left and right could be made to
synchronize in this way since their fields are moving in
unison up and down on the same plane. They
would be able to exchange mutual inductance ... producing
an even larger effect in terms of feedback.

I suspect the Hendershot device is using mutual inductance to
some advantage.

It is easily demonstrated that two coils that have their
cylinder mouths oriented UP, when placed next to each
other, can inductively couple -- just as effectively as if
their mouths were facing each other.

If mutual inductance is a reasonnably a possibility, why do we notice that the distance between the two tanks is never the same on most pictures ? Is it possible that the final effect of all this stuff would be a tuner (mysterious 5MHz ?), a phase shifting to get a significant signal difference between the two tanks and finally (i know it's an audacious thought...) a global resonance of the tanks to each other to make a high power LF amplifier ? Hendershot son talked about wholes in the ceiling if I'm not wrong... Maybe because his father unfortunately got perfect resonance which, we know, has very destructive... power. Of course I speculate...

[morpher44]

mutual inductance

If mutual inductance is a reasonnably a possibility, why do we notice that the distance between the two tanks is never the same on most pictures ? Is it possible that the final effect of all this stuff would be a tuner (mysterious 5MHz ?), a phase shifting to get a significant signal difference between the two tanks and finally (i know it's an audacious thought...) a global resonance of the tanks to each other to make a high power LF amplifier ? Hendershot son talked about wholes in the ceiling if I'm not wrong... Maybe because his father unfortunately got perfect resonance which, we know, has very destructive... power. Of course I speculate...

@Nomdi,

Yes ... good point.
In the various photos, do we ever notice the distance between
the two cylinders to be greater than one diameter?
On the photo showing the device actually operating, with the
light bulb glowing, the cylinders appears to be less than
one diameter apart from each other.

I guess I need to study a bit more about the relationship
between distances here and mutual induction.

One experiment I was doing last night, which I was trying to
upload to youtube ... but youtube is having some problems ...
is using two 5 inch basket weave coils in a Joule Thief circuit.
The LED lights and things work .. until I move the coils
to greater than one diameter distance apart from each other.
As soon as that threshold is crossed, mutual inductance
no longer occurs effectively ... the Joule Thief no longer
oscillates.

I was surprised to see this occur at one diameter distance.
Was this a coincidence .. or does the math work out that way
always.

This is very interesting for another aspect of the Hendershot
design ... and that is with the inter-dowel distance.
If these dowels are too close, the wire-loop around the dowel
will inductively couple with the nearby dowel loops.
If on the other hand they are spaced just right ...
they will be prevented from inductively coupling with each other.
So the question can be asked

"Did Hendershot select 57 dowels to enhance or
prevent mutual inductive coupling between dowels?"

I think that mutual inductive coupling between
dowels is another thing to consider.

If it was me, I would work out the minimum number
of dowels I would have to use to achieve my goal.
So anything less than 57 might cross some
threshold here in terms of mutual inductance between dowels.

[morpher44]

crazy Standford University

From this article:

"from Stanford University,
researchers beamed very low frequency (VLF) radio waves to the magnetosphere, the outer region where belts of charged particles stream toward the Earth’s magnetic poles. The signals followed the curves of the magnetic field back to Earth and were detected half-way around the World—amplified a thousand times in some cases. The radio signals were strengthened by gathering energy from electrons within the Van Allen radiation belts. Each time one of the world’s 50 or so VLF (3-30 KHz,) transmitters emits its signal, streams of excited particles cascade into the Earth’s atmosphere from the outermost regions of the magnetosphere. Even low frequency (LF) radio waves leak into the upper layers, causing this same phenomena. (Low Frequency: 30-300 KHz.)

The injection of small signals into the energy belts creats something like a super-transistor effect, altering the motion of free electrons thousands of miles out from the Earth’s surface. This Tesla Magnifying Resonance effect can control enormous energies by miniscule triggering signals. The Stanford physicists state, “We can amplify waves in the magnetosphere for a Global Communications at lower frequencies.” (11,12)

Plasma wave electric field maesurements with the solar-orbiting Helios spacecraft have shown that intense electron plasma oscillations occur in association with type III solar bursts. These radio bursts are produced by particles ejected from a solar flare and are characterized by an emmission frequency which decreases with increasing time; this is attributed to the decreasing electron plasma frequency, fp, encountered by the solar flare particles as they move outward through the solar corona. The measured frequency range is between 30 KHz. And 200 KHz., with the highest amplitude signals from about 40 KHz.-100 KHz. These bursts seem to show both the fundamental and second harmonic structure at kilometric wavelength.(13) "


http://www.mozano.org/TechKnow/2009/...ot-the-answer/

[NOMDI]

Very interesting morpher44 ! Thanks for the URL ! Energy from space and, again, Tesla. No comment ;-)

[mlurye]

Morpher,
If you want to build good cap use foil from oil caps. I'm using foil from HV microwave cap ~2" wide.

[mlurye]

Measurements of my coils:
Left (uH) Right (uH)
L1=44 L1=44
L2=44 L2=44
L3=892 L3=894
L4=81 L4=81

Measurements are taken with coils not connected.

Need to rebuild caps.

[morpher44]

wheeler formula

Measurements of my coils:
Left (uH) Right (uH)
L1=44 L1=44
L2=44 L2=44
L3=892 L3=894
L4=81 L4=81
Measurements are taken with coils not connected.
Need to rebuild caps.

Pretty good. I've been trying to use Wheeler's formula
to estimate what these should be ... thinking that Hendershot
would certainly have access to that formula.
With that formula, it goes wrong if the height of the coil is not
greater than .4 * diameter. This is the case with the
Hendershot windings, unfortunately. Plus, it is a basket weave
which might yield something slightly different from a straight
cylinder winding. But here is my estimate using Wheeler,
and the "error" relative to your measurements:

mlurye coil estimate error
L1=44 L1=41 7.3%
L2=44 L2=41 7.3%
L3=892 L3=902 -1.1%
L4=81 L4=58 39.7%

L4 is a straight cylinder winding ... but a very narrow width which
probably causes the Wheeler formula to be way off.

On my 5 inch coil, my estimates were all ABOVE my actuals.

I searched the web for some formula that would estimate
inductance for a basket weave coil, but I wasn't able to find one.
I suspect Wheeler was used -- assumed.

[morpher44]

yes I see the buzzer...

Another observation.
Look at this picture, do you see buzzer? Hendershot balancing the load. May be replacing buzzer with 60W bulb will be sufficient.

I see the Horseshoe magnet between the two coils -- although its
an odd looking one ... like a kid toy.
I think I can make out the bar ... and the solenoids
are likely under a domed cover.

His watch reads quarter to 3.

[morpher44]

Revelation...

The Neutral zone is somtimes refered to as the Outer Bloch Wall.

While doing some experiments last night, I now have a revelation.

There are two common ways to generate electricity with coils.
1. Have the coil moving relative to a static magnetic field
2. Have a magnetic field moving relative to a coil placed in a fix position.

Clearly the Hendershot coils are not moving.

Hendershot's inspiration, we know, was the Induction compass.
That device use approach #1. The coil spins within the
Earth's magnetic field to produce a current.

Hendershot spent the latter part of his life working on
this fuel-less generator -- different from his motor.

He was brilliant with magnetism.

Here is what I realized ... and its so incredibly simple.

When you buy horseshoe magnets, the good ones come with
a keeper bar. The keeper is to be left on to preserve the magnet
when not in use.
It has the interesting effect of BENDING the poles so they they
come out the sides ... and are weaker.

If you have a dual-solenoid, with current in one direction you
can make a N-S on one, and a S-N on the other.
If these are oriented to face that bar sticking to the magnet,
you have a device that can wiggle those two fields that spread
out of the sides of the magnet.

Now for the interesting thing.

If you orient your coils slightly BEHIND the solenoid, one to the
left and one to the right, you have the following situation.
When the solenoids are UNPOWERED, the coils see
only one pole. One coil sees a North ... the other sees a South.

If you provide a current in one direction such that you create
a NORTH to counter-oppose the NORTH of the magnet,
it will nullify that NORTH .. but better still the coil is closer
to the other side of the solenoid ... its south side.
So the coil sees now a SOUTH were once there was a NORTH.
The opposite situation is there on the other coil.

In this way you can have polarity reversals at the BUZZER
frequency.

If the coils are situated in a particular "sweet spot", not
only is there a pole reverse each pulse to the solenoid,
but there is actually a magnetic field spinning.
This I have demonstrated in some of my older videos
using a simple compass and slow frequency pulses to the
solenoids.

If that SPIN were to LAND directly into the coil,
which can be arranged if your careful, the coil would experience
a steady rotating flux in one-and-only-one direction.
The opposite direction experienced by the other coil on the other
side.

That steady spinning flux, I speculate, will alter
the inductance of the Hendershot coil ... bringing the
inductance up the B-H curve, just as is done with
IRON cores in transformers.

As the inductance increases, the tank circuits resonant
frequency drops -- approaching the buzzer frequency --
and POWER GOES UP!!! As Power goes up, the
flux increases, the inductance increases ... the power increases,
etc. This should continue until the resonant frequency
at core saturation starts to go downward on the B-H curve
knee ... which would reduce power. As the power reduces,
the inductance drops slightly ... bringing it BACK to that
resonant peak.

If your tank circuit can resonate at the very buzzer frequency,
or near to it, the maximum power can be achieved at that
point.

There is still the question of "where does the energy come from
in the first place?"

I think that if you can achieve a really really good capacitor
design ... one that can handle high voltage spikes of a very
subtle nature due to arriving particles hitting the capacitor
plates ... producing a spike .... that those spikes, if arriving
frequently enough would keep the damped oscillations
ringing. Hence the normal background radiation that arrives
constantly from the cosmos might continue to ping
the coil frequently enough ... and the damped oscillations
might ringing long enough ... so that you could sustain power.
NOTE: Like a vaccuum cleaner, the magnetic field in the coils
may help to suck MORE particles directly down to the capacitor
since their trajectory will be altered to a narrower and narrower
spiral intersecting the capacitor.

It is very true that ONLY the capacitor can "COLLECT" energy
like this ... and the better design you have there ...
the more sensitive it will be as a high-frequency collector of energy.

This revelation leads me to believe that my coil will need to have
a MUCH MUCH smaller diameter.
My horseshoe magnet is only 2.25 inch wide ... and although it
is strong ... the magnetic fields do not extend out big enough
for these large 5 inch coils.

Hendershot used a 6 inch wide magnet ... and I'm wondering if
his near-6-inch coils were that diameter due to the
foot print of his magnet ... and nothing more complex than that.

I am interested to hear from you guys on whether this line
of reasoning makes sense.
I'm thinking of making some 3 inch coils to see if I can get better
results with my little magnet.

[mlurye]

I see the Horseshoe magnet between the two coils -- although its
an odd looking one ... like a kid toy.
I think I can make out the bar ... and the solenoids
are likely under a domed cover.

His watch reads quarter to 3.

If it would be coils then lamp would be parallel to the power socket, but it is not. I think what you think are coils is actually part of the power socket.

[morpher44]

vibrator power supplies

I just learned about vibrator power supplies:

Vibrator Power Supplies

These were used to generate AC from DC supplies.
Hendershot may have been aware of this technology.

[NOMDI]

I just learned about vibrator power supplies:

Vibrator Power Supplies

These were used to generate AC from DC supplies.
Hendershot may have been aware of this technology.

On the supposed Hendershot motor made of a car alternator, he might have used this kind of circuits because tat was a part of alternators at this time.. Maybe a clue...

[mlurye]

Spent all evening building 1 capacitor. Got it to 7.5nF. I'll try to make 2nd cap identical to 1st one.
In an hour built 2nd one. Now both caps reading 7.8nF.

[morpher44]

photos?

Spent all evening building 1 capacitor. Got it to 7.5nF. I'll try to make 2nd cap identical to 1st one.
In an hour built 2nd one. Now both caps reading 7.8nF.

Cool. Got any photos you can share of your caps and coils ?