Donald L Smith

[amigo]

Westinghouse Electromagnetic Spectrum chart

In one of the videos with DS he was showing an Electromagnetic Spectrum chart (poster) and I thought to look that up.

Found a nice photo of it in high resolution, click to see it...

[mlurye]

@mlurye

When you say "spark-gap" you refer to the spark arrestor, right, as per DS circuit? Why not get one and try it out since you have the rest of the parts?

By the way, how do you know that the circuit operates at 200kHz? Was that value measured on the tabletop device, or was it derived based on the values of capacitors and assumed wire length of the primary?

amigo,
yes I am talking about spark arrestor. I did try 1000V and 500V arrestors, frequency is very low. Now I am waiting for 75V, 230V, 300V, 350V arrestors.

I built coils as shown on photo of Don Smith table device and according to his explanations, also got caps as on photo. And combination of coil and capacitor on each side resonates at exactly 200kHz, I tested it and got good match.

[baroutologos]

@Amigo,
Ok, lets proceed experimentally. I will be operational in few weeks anyway. I have posted my explanation based on what i see and judje.

For what i don't see, cannot say a word.

Secondly, as Amigo stated that we have lots of volts and no AMps in this LC1 parallel circuit.
Let me remind you that the parallel LC's Q is defined by the current applification of the source. If the tank circuit has a Q of 100 then we are propably dealing with 100*30 ma = 3 Amps at 2-3 KV. If Q is larger then proportionally larger current flowing in the LC.

IMO this circuit of extra small resistance and fine quality custom made caps, could obtain a Q of 300 or more thus working with a primary resonance of 9+ amps. Easily.
In one video of Eric dollard, i saw that Tesla resonators had 10,000 Q. LOL. So the Q is a desired quantity always.
...

According a patent* that i refer to previous post a proposed formula of Q is expressed as:
Q = 2πf (ω) * L1/R or Inductive Reactance / resistance.
(IMO this formula gives only an idea and is not complete.)

So for an air coil of L1 dimensions i dare to calculate a max 2 uH. (assuming no hidden core as Don Smith uses to)

Caps being 200nf combined we have a resonant frequency around 250 Khz
The resistant part is again open to wild speculation.

If resistance is 0.1 ohms we have a Q = 3.14/0.1 = 31.4
If resistance is 0.01 ohms then Q goes to 314 etc. (or 10amps in LC in fine tune)

If the Clever Don Smith used and core material as the expensive and hard to find magnetostrictives he uses or just a plain, thick, RF ferrite rod in the very center of the L1 coil (speculation enabled ) then the inductunce of his coil could be 20 uH.

Then resonance comes down to 80Khz (easily handled by ferrites with almost no loss). then for a resistance of 0.1, Q = 10.5 (inductive reactance)/ 0.1
over 100. So again we are dealing with AMPs in the LC circuit.
....
In my oppinion the proposed simplified formula Q= 2pfL/R cannot be full since it fails to encompass the voltage component of the caps.
It assumes same applification of LC current for 1volt at 30mA as 3 KV at 30 mA source. On the contrary the caps the higher they are charged, the larger the oscillating currents they create.

If you study Benitez patent, he again oversimplifies things and says the average oscillating current is of the order (Vmax/2) / R or for the 3kV in caps we have an average voltage of 1500 volts and since resistance is 0.1Ohm i dare not to calculate the amps .
Of course inductive reactance play its part, but again, if inductive reactance at 250 Khz is 3 ohms and resistance is 0.1 and cap charge is 3KV amps go to hundreds (if not thousands) again...

IMo the truth is somewhere in the middle and if resistance (radiation, thermal, etc ect) is kept low then the inoccent looking LC1 is able to withstand tremendous amperage.

Baroutologos

*Kwang-jeek Lee patent which is really messup up and no direct meaning could be infered. wtf with those patents anyway? All they seem illedigible

[sigzidfit]

I recall very clearly Don Smith stating in a video that the ideal core material was Titanium Zirconate. But also saying that there was a stainless steel (can't remember the number) was also suitable.

Peace
PJ

[h2ocommuter]

316 L Ss

The 316L SS is non magnetic
You can get this material at the hardware store without the L,
It is said that 317L is superior.
Online is the best place to find it. for spacific sizes, cut to length etc....
I would take the strongest magnet I could find and test the metal if you are looking for somthing your garage like I do.

Lots of hardware fasteners will use this types because they will not corode from electrolysis.

[dragon]

@Amigo,
Ok, lets proceed experimentally. I will be operational in few weeks anyway. I have posted my explanation based on what i see and judje.

For what i don't see, cannot say a word.

Secondly, as Amigo stated that we have lots of volts and no AMps in this LC1 parallel circuit.
Let me remind you that the parallel LC's Q is defined by the current applification of the source. If the tank circuit has a Q of 100 then we are propably dealing with 100*30 ma = 3 Amps at 2-3 KV. If Q is larger then proportionally larger current flowing in the LC.

IMO this circuit of extra small resistance and fine quality custom made caps, could obtain a Q of 300 or more thus working with a primary resonance of 9+ amps. Easily.
In one video of Eric dollard, i saw that Tesla resonators had 10,000 Q. LOL. So the Q is a desired quantity always.
...

According a patent* that i refer to previous post a proposed formula of Q is expressed as:
Q = 2?f (?) * L1/R or Inductive Reactance / resistance.
(IMO this formula gives only an idea and is not complete.)

So for an air coil of L1 dimensions i dare to calculate a max 2 uH. (assuming no hidden core as Don Smith uses to)

Caps being 200nf combined we have a resonant frequency around 250 Khz
The resistant part is again open to wild speculation.

If resistance is 0.1 ohms we have a Q = 3.14/0.1 = 31.4
If resistance is 0.01 ohms then Q goes to 314 etc. (or 10amps in LC in fine tune)

If the Clever Don Smith used and core material as the expensive and hard to find magnetostrictives he uses or just a plain, thick, RF ferrite rod in the very center of the L1 coil (speculation enabled ) then the inductunce of his coil could be 20 uH.

Then resonance comes down to 80Khz (easily handled by ferrites with almost no loss). then for a resistance of 0.1, Q = 10.5 (inductive reactance)/ 0.1
over 100. So again we are dealing with AMPs in the LC circuit.
....
In my oppinion the proposed simplified formula Q= 2pfL/R cannot be full since it fails to encompass the voltage component of the caps.
It assumes same applification of LC current for 1volt at 30mA as 3 KV at 30 mA source. On the contrary the caps the higher they are charged, the larger the oscillating currents they create.

If you study Benitez patent, he again oversimplifies things and says the average oscillating current is of the order (Vmax/2) / R or for the 3kV in caps we have an average voltage of 1500 volts and since resistance is 0.1Ohm i dare not to calculate the amps .
Of course inductive reactance play its part, but again, if inductive reactance at 250 Khz is 3 ohms and resistance is 0.1 and cap charge is 3KV amps go to hundreds (if not thousands) again...

IMo the truth is somewhere in the middle and if resistance (radiation, thermal, etc ect) is kept low then the inoccent looking LC1 is able to withstand tremendous amperage.

Baroutologos

*Kwang-jeek Lee patent which is really messup up and no direct meaning could be infered. wtf with those patents anyway? All they seem illedigible

I believe the amperage would simply be reflected based on the k of the transformer. If k = 1 then 1 amp from the primary is reflected as 1 amp to the secondary. The Q factor would only relate to voltage in resonance.

If the voltage is enhanced 100:1 then 100 volts in at 1 amp would then become 1000 volts at 1 amp. Assuming the transformer is a 1:1 arrangement. On a basic transformer action a step up would typically loose amperage based on the step but increase voltage.

The Q factor in resonance is typically higher than normal transformer action. It would seem to me by keeping the amp that is reflected( or keeping the k factor as high as possible ) and boosting voltage would accomplish the excess energy output.

If you consider a simple series LC, this maintains the same amperage through the entire circuit but boosts voltage at resonance. It in itself has done what everyone is looking for. So if you put in 100 volts at 1 amp and the voltage is boosted to 1000 volts then the actual energy flowing in the system is much higher than the actual input. Look at my heat circuit more closely.....

So, the only problem left is utilizing that energy without disturbing resonance by matching a propritary load to it.
________

[amigo]

I don't know guys...if we assume that DS tabletop device actually worked, and if we assume baroutologos's computations to be correct then primary oscillator is pushing 5-10kW or power through that red speaker wire.

What is the impact on the wire or what kind (if any) heat is produced/dissipated when you have that much energy in the circuit?

Let's remember that the red wire he used is some multi-stranded speaker cable. Does that not imply higher impedance than if it were a solid copper wire.

After all, we are not dealing with audio signals here, which is the wire's intended use, but RF signals. And it is RF, as anything over 100kHz or even less than that is commonly accepted to be radio frequency and not sound.

Now to jump onto something else related, as I was reading the OU forum before coming here, there was a post quoting Karl Palsness on Tesla's hairpin circuit:

You can do many different effects once the transformation has taken place, light light bulbs, run motors, but only if no energy is allowed to return and kill the initial input you put in. There must be a floating ground to catch this energy. The energy is all around us in a compressed form, we live in the middle of two giant plates of a capacitor, wiggle it correctly, then catch it!

My emphasis on floating ground, as it is something I wrote about before regarding the GDT leading onto the ground. It (GDT's value) being slightly higher than the operating voltage of the primary, it acts as a surge protector and thus always disconnecting the primary oscillator from the ground, it makes it (ground) float, no?

So the "transformation" has already occured in the primary and we are trying to prevent energy feedback back to the input (the NST) thus floating the ground.

Then the secondary serves the purpose of further isolating and amplifying the transformed energy, temporarily storing it in the capacitors and then discharging it into the output circuit.

It's a theory, but that's where the trail of thought lead me right this moment.

[baroutologos]

Amigo, i think we are more interested in that the "energy feedback" or reflected impedance to be avoided from secondary to primary rather than primary to NST.

The NST can output some 100 watts. No matter of reflection can alter it considerably. whereas in the primary, the virtual circulating power could be in the 10s of KW range. So, it is the primary we must protect from reflection from secondary.

Secondly, i have the opposite impression.. that a loose coupling coefficient is always a desired thing for resonance settings and minimizing reflected load to source.

Anyway, experimentation needed.

[wrtner]

The 316L SS is non magnetic
You can get this material at the hardware store without the L,
It is said that 317L is superior.
Lots of hardware fasteners will use this types because they will not corode from electrolysis.

Also - good quality kitchenware.

[deggers]

Resonance

Amigo, i think we are more interested in that the "energy feedback" or reflected impedance to be avoided from secondary to primary rather than primary to NST.

The NST can output some 100 watts. No matter of reflection can alter it considerably. whereas in the primary, the virtual circulating power could be in the 10s of KW range. So, it is the primary we must protect from reflection from secondary.

Secondly, i have the opposite impression.. that a loose coupling coefficient is always a desired thing for resonance settings and minimizing reflected load to source.

Anyway, experimentation needed.

baroutologos, Tariel Kapanadze has stated the following in Patrick Kelly's Chapter3 document:
"I discovered how to get automatic resonance between the primary and secondary windings. The most important thing is to achieve resonance. Melnichenko came close to solving this problem."

The entire interview can be found at the end of the chapter 3 doc.

Practical Guide to Free-Energy Devices - Chapter 3

I'm not exactly sure how that works. I also remember reading somewhere that you need an order of magnitude (10 X) difference between the power available, and the power you plan on using to power your load. This would prevent the load from affecting the resonance process.

Any thoughts?

Duane

[baroutologos]

We are all speculating here, but we have some good evidence that resonance helps. (Dragon reports OU? in a thermal circuit)

Again, when in resonance we do not know where that energy (if any) might come from. Others say magnetic resonance as MRI thus by applying Larmor frequency, we have nuclear alterations thus energy out...

Too many speculations around, perhaps are valid perhaps are not. Again, in resonable terms, if resonance is to help, the load impedance as verified must be kept low, thus not impeding resonance very much. (in case the load is in series to resonating circuit)

For magnetic coupling, more or less the same applies, (it is suggested) thus the extracted power must be in the order between 1/100 to 1/1000 i would say of resonator power.

I am familiar with the rusian document regarding resonance try at explaining kapanadze, that supports energy should be extracted from the local environment at less 1% of resonating LC power.

Important considerations also for this (in case is true) are:

* the turn ratio of resonator / receiver coil (in Kapanadze setup the receiver was a stout copper 5-6 turns),
* the k coupling coefficient (in Don Smith setup alters by sliding the L1) Some suggest loose k is beneficiary.
* reactances of the coils invovled, (it is suggested by few, in case the receiver is not a resonator, L2 reactance to load resistance ratio must be low for small reflected impedance)
* Q of the resonator of course

Baroutologos

[amigo]

From practical perspective, there has to be a feedback between secondary and primary in order for automatic resonance to occur, as the circuit self-tunes that way.

Please correct me if I'm wrong but without any feedback, which is what baroutologos suggests if I understand it right, there can not be any automatic resonance or self-tuning.

In any case, it should be irrelevant what the extracted energy percentage is compared to the resonant circuit energy for as long as the load does not appear as load to the resonant circuit, as that would kill the diapole, no?

[dragon]

We are all speculating here, but we have some good evidence that resonance helps. (Dragon reports OU? in a thermal circuit)

Again, when in resonance we do not know where that energy (if any) might come from. Others say magnetic resonance as MRI thus by applying Larmor frequency, we have nuclear alterations thus energy out...

Too many speculations around, perhaps are valid perhaps are not. Again, in resonable terms, if resonance is to help, the load impedance as verified must be kept low, thus not impeding resonance very much. (in case the load is in series to resonating circuit)

For magnetic coupling, more or less the same applies, (it is suggested) thus the extracted power must be in the order between 1/100 to 1/1000 i would say of resonator power.

I am familiar with the rusian document regarding resonance try at explaining kapanadze, that supports energy should be extracted from the local environment at less 1% of resonating LC power.

Important considerations also for this (in case is true) are:

* the turn ratio of resonator / receiver coil (in Kapanadze setup the receiver was a stout copper 5-6 turns),
* the k coupling coefficient (in Don Smith setup alters by sliding the L1) Some suggest loose k is beneficiary.
* reactances of the coils invovled, (it is suggested by few, in case the receiver is not a resonator, L2 reactance to load resistance ratio must be low for small reflected impedance)
* Q of the resonator of course

Baroutologos

I don't believe it's OU in a traditional sense... Over unity would suggest there is excess energy being drawn from some external source. I believe energy, once excited in a circuit, can be reused or recycled. Everything I've done can be calculated and even reproduced in a sim, which in itself has to follow basic laws.

If you treat both voltage and current as separate entities but mainipulate them within the same circuit you can get some interesting results. Probably the most common relationship between any of the claimed devices is "resonance".

Resonance in itself is quite mysterious and infinate in it's variables but each variable plays a part in voltage and current. You can get a circuit to resonate at the same frequency with an infinate of different variables but there may only be a few that react in the way we are looking for. Each one will present itself with a different effect and is truly a "needle in a haystack" senario.

The best we can do is follow the clues, examine the outcome of what we want and try to reverse engineer those results. There is always a mystery in what others have claimed, possibly because they don't fully understand it and try to explain it in a way that makes sense to them at the time. Quite possibly why most can't be replicated, they may truly have found something that worked but without a complete understanding I doubt even the creators can replicate it.

We are on a dark planet, somewhere on that planet is a switch that will illuminate the world... can we find it?
________
LovelyWendie

[dragon]

Here is a circuit that manipulates both voltage and current. At resonance it does some interesting things. Even though it appears to be an over unity senario it really isn't.

It has an input of 12 volts that is going through a series and parallel LC, both utilize the same capacitor. Since the series circuit enhances the voltage and the parallel circuit recycles current you get a combination of both worlds. With a small input of 46 ma you can create a 2.85 amp circulation in the tank with 465 volts. 12 volt at 46ma input ( .55 watt ) and a circulating power of over 1200 watts. Any attempt to "tap the tank" results in loss of resonance.

Its not overunity because the amperage in the tank was put in at the moment you turned on the system and it simply circulates, the voltage is raised based on the component values when brought to resonance and requires very little input to keep it going because it's recycling existing energy.

So even though it displays an overunity like effect, it in fact isn't. That's not to say you couldn't draw from the system a portion of that energy cycling within the tank... possibly using Armagdn03 theories on excentric transformers, or another means. I have yet to find a solution that doesn't interfere with it's normal resonant operation, if in fact it can be tapped at all.

If we don't know what we're looking for, how can we find it?
________

[samedsoft]

Dear Drangon,

Great Circuit.

If you place a low resistance 5-10 turn primary coil at 2.8 A line and put a loosely coupled secondary, than you may tap this energy?