Practical and scientific / technologies mostly Tesla related.

[stivep]

It is a set of useful information in science and technology.

[stivep]

#2
Tesla coil is used as a primary VLF or ULF antenna(vertically polarized omnidirectional dipole) for both :
1. energy Transfer from point A to point B
- that in commercial application is done by e.g. strip line
- in known and respected scientific investigation it is e.g.
https://www.researchgate.net/publica...r_Transmission

2 energy extraction from Schumann waveguide.
^{(links might be added later.)}

In regards to Tesla coil application used as an antenna - This comment is a guide for Tesla coil builders
for either of these applications and/or Tesla coil in general .
It contains:
- calculator of parameters of Tesla Coil example : available after downloading the calculator
- instruction how to use this calculator example : https://teslamap.com/overview.html
- explanation how to use the calculator example : https://www.teslacoildesign.com/
- download of calculator example : https://teslamap.com/download.html

In the yet another program :
- graphical interpretation of designed coil example : https://tesla.nu/programs/javatc/script/sur.html
- graphical interpretation of "Calculate Turns" example : https://tesla.nu/programs/javatc/cst.html
- Version 13.1 https://tesla.nu/programs/javatc/javatc.html

- at frequency of 136kHz the arrangement of practical application test results shown: that it performed rather good
at surface wave having water underneath acting as the conductive lower boundary of natural waveguide utilizing surface wave propagation for longer ranges.
( I may published it too.)
Addition: Calculator used by scientific research:
http://abelian.org/tssp/
https://www.classictesla.com/hot-str...s/MyPapers.htm
https://www.classictesla.com/fantc/fantc.html
In paper: Investigation of the Tesla Transformer as a Device for One-Wire Power and Signaling and as a Device for Power and Signaling Through the Ground Stanimir Valtchev
link: https://www.researchgate.net/publica..._Transformer

Wesley

[stivep]

#3
Results of search found in public domains:
Multi Receiver: https://youtu.be/qRQKoeCV-8k
Power Demo; https://youtu.be/UOc42vG9Vhs
Evanescent Waves explanation is here :
https://faculty.washington.edu/seatt.../lecture-8.pdf

Electronic devices in vicinity: https://youtu.be/7UPf7M1EiiE
10 Tx in The Metal Enclosure: https://youtu.be/t-_HAqxcnkI
Metal Neutral: https://youtu.be/6dqdgtNcEQI
looks like conditionally active and available to copy under owner consent its source
may be posted if found important.

[stivep]

#4
Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate.
This means that electromagnetic waves (EM) can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of space.
Inverse Square Law explains how EM loses its energy making impossible to replicate Tesla's dream of energy send from one single point A to any point distant B in the Free Space ( but luckily to us there is the other way around this problem making it possible )
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BF73QaY1aEg&t=134s
However if EM is constrained it acts similar to the water in the pipe flowing without its volume losses yet still requiring energy to be pushed to your kitchen sink .
Pipe of various shapes allowing EM to travel inside of it is called waveguide and is specially made for the particular frequency:
Example EM at frequency of - visible light uses waveguide called fiberoptic that is (not empty pipe but ) solid all inside piece of cylindrical material(e.g. glass) allowing you to have fast internet .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp7fWBq5g-A FIBER OPTIC WAVEGUIDE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ylBvFfhcMY Optical Fiber Cable
Note: waveguides are used every day for higher frequencies https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavegu...adio_frequency)
At low frequencies VLF ULF we can use natural waveguides created by nature.

Inverse square law doesn't apply to waveguides.
Although energy of EM ( light) after many miles traveling in fiberoptic is significant, some losses still apply.
https://www.advantech.com/en/resourc...1-33c5a6d62dc3
The Undersea Cable That Linked The World is now mostly fiberoptic waveguide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nV0Wc9Y33so


Wesley

[stivep]

#5

Shifting to clean electricity will require many more major transmission lines, for both . Solar and wind facilities needs it too.
Research and development scientist, or R&D scientist, differs from amateur experimenters with knowledge and support but they are obligated bounded around its workplace.
Amateur scientists researchers who work at home, without major funding—have made some of the most remarkable discoveries throughout history.
Scientist is a person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences: and that can be anyone of you no PhD needed. Clyde Tombaugh , Thomas Bopp, Alan Hale , Mary Anning, fossil hunters Marie Woods and Rob Taylor, William and Caroline Herschel ,
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/...y-discoveries/
https://theconversation.com/how-amat...overies-197645


Amateur scientists experimenters:
Nikola Tesla:
Training for an engineering career, he attended the Technical University at Graz, Austria, and the University of Prague.
without receiving a degree. He then gained practical experience in the early 1880s working in telephony and at Continental Edison in the new electric power industry.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla

Tariel Kapanadze trained as an architect ( no degree) become known in 2003 for his presentation of device that for some reason acted as generator of electrical energy not connected to anything from outside but connected to the ground.. I visited Tariel Kapanadze in 2011 and he performed for me presentation . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uugr-ElDoMk

Conclusion: If Amateur scientist experimenter gains its ability to perform like Tesla did or like Kapanadze did they may achieve certain success and recognition.
Example : Albert Einstein was a patent clerk working as a “third class technical expert” https://www.historyonthenet.com/albe...-patent-office
1905, but his habilitation was rejected by the University of Bern in 1907. Only one year later was he successful and was now able to work as a part-time private lecturer.

Wesley

[stivep]

#6
Is there a way to get energy for free?

Overunity or Perpetual motion machines or other net-gain energy systems were never commercialized and were/are rejected as conflicting with official physics models. Eather was also rejected as prequantum physics error, misunderstanding, misinterpretation colliding with new understanding in physics.


How do magnets work? Explained by Fermilab the top of world science https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7ndBIL402Q

Does a magnet contain (and potentially produce) energy?
Answer: Permanent magnets do have potential energy, stored in their magnetic field. That energy can be compared to the potential energy of some compressed spring. Under normal circumstances you can't extract energy from a permanent magnet, but it is there and under special conditions you can extract some of that energy to do usable work. However the result would be a magnet that is weaker or completely demagnetized afterwards.
1kW/s used to magnetize piece of iron theoretically can provide energy during period of 1 second of much less than 1kW/s when demagnetized.( for example when you drop it to the hard surface)



Charged particle only when in motion creates magnetic field but you need energy to move it. https://brilliant.org/wiki/energy-of-a-magnetic-field/
Electromagnetic Wave / Electromagnetic radiation, is a form of energy emitted by moving charged particles. and here we are lucky so far as Nature also creates
electromagnetic wave having energy we may utilize.(e.g. lightning energy) that assumption opens us the door to understanding how Tariel Kapanadze powered his device.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjQgpTiN4vw

Energy by conversion: energy from forms provided by nature to forms that can be used by humans. https://www.britannica.com/technology/energy-conversion
This form of energy is used in any form of apparatus and technological advancement and it will be major subject of this publication.

Other phenomena in question not related to energy:
Antigravity: What's the truth about antigravity? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SGnOeGZUAU&t=43s
Time Travel: Is Time Travel Possible? - The Science of Time With Neil deGrasse Tyson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPSgO9CkSjQ
Invisibility: Technology: How Close Are We to Making Something Invisible? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h53plKWONGQ



Wesley

[stivep]

#7
Energy for Free - only means energy that we do not need to pay for.
Example:
-if we convert wood into heat of fire we'll warm the space of house etc. but this wood can be available for free.
-if we convert any material, fluid into usable to us energy ( driving car) but this sometime can be provided to us for free.
-if we convert any natural energy into energy form we can use ( eg. water flow, wind, heat, solar radiation) provided to us for free.
-if someone provides to us energy for free( eg. your father, insurance, charity organization)

Becoming successful:
Previous comment #6 shows our options vs all excluded as impossible.
That makes use of recourses, time and attention working for our benefit and avoiding waste of it.

How to invest into something new or not much explored and not lose on it? :
Unfortunately there is almost zero chances not to lose. - although it may turn into profit if....big if....
You may be successful but your investment is based on form of introduction of that novelty or improvement.
- If it is intended to be patented than talking about it publicly may create conflict ort rejection by Patent Office .
- If it is intended to be given for free to humanity the humanity appreciation may vary, (providing lack of personal satisfaction, or be none.)
- If it is intended to be hold private at some point some other guys may patent it making you feel like a loser.

What passionate should do then?
Answer: Learn think and decide- the sooner the better or act quickly in hope nobody acted faster than you.
That applies to all of listed above scenarios. Even if you'll give your intellectual property for free it 'll still be you
who is memorized and/or benefiting if there is any appreciation from the crowd at all. Do not be very optimistic in it.

Are there any other options :
I assume it is the matter of motivation and fears of an inventor, experimenter, contributor,
or developer, business entity or people having freedom of wealth status etc. :
There are often old single people donating millions or billions of dollars to the cats, dogs, animal care as they may be driven by:
example: their own view at ugliness of human race etc.
Motivation driven individuals including me, is the main important drive for themselves and/or others lucky to be around
in the right place at the right time .

How to increase your chances to win, gain benefit:
There is only one mechanism known to humanity called interaction:
Physics, mathematics and philosophy determines probability factor as:
-the more trials, attempts, learning, contacts, reading, experiments the more are chances to gain. "Hibernation" makes you
gaining nothing. https://www.calculatoratoz.com/en/pr...tor/Calc-20476

Wesley

[stivep]

#8
Elon Mask didn't graduate too much. "I have now 20 years of tuition loan to pay and I'm not yet PhD said young MIT graduate : "
Nicola Tesla didn't graduate too and died forgotten - remembered now mostly due to Elon Mask electric car .

The secret of success:
Elon dropped school after 2 days but he was from wealthy family during Elon's youth.^[21] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk .
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/why-e...185501512.html

Nicola Tesla childhood in Croatia was financially good enough only o survive. Nikola Tesla was born an ethnic Serb in the village of Smiljan,
within the Military Frontier, in the Austrian Empire (present day Croatia), on 10.^[11][12] His father Milutin Tesla (1819–1879),^[13] was a priest
of the Eastern Orthodox Church.^{[14][15][16][17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla}


If we assume that everyone has potential it is the right moment at the right time that if used can be turned into progress.
Having financial support helps a lot but it is not the key to success. https://andyandrews.com/keys-to-success/
Poverty is the limitation pushing a person into understanding, learning, working, where having not much of choice, rewards you with just a better future or much more than that.
The quality of being dedicated or committed to a task works best if Selfishness that can also have positive aspects, such
as self-care, self-expression, and self-improvement, is balanced with empathy and compassions priority.
However historically the self-oriented individuals are among the most successful people in life.

So what about Open Forum and sharing:
Open forum is a place where most individuals look for ideas,
It is not a place occupied by potential thieves looking only for opportunity although such may happen too .
There are many contributors acting from deep need of interacting and sharing while in emotional distress as well as those having emotional balance.
Happy , unhappy, good standing or not, mostly older or old enough , having comfort of sharing and financial stability of some sort .
One of my colleagues in science said :
"I'm 58 now, about to retire early at 62. It is too late for a physics professor to go to business now so I can share
my ideas at best with young promising students I find valuable enough."
- it is called opportunity that comes from interaction with others - the best gift you can get if you attend any possible interaction you'll find valuable to your future.

Most important to know is that anything that may become your patentable intellectual property will be rejected by Patent Office
as novelty if published prior to the date on the envelope in the post office stamp when filing your patent application


Conclusion:
"Use it or lose it" the choice is yours.

Wesley

[stivep]

#9
Why Tesla Tower energy transport around the Earth didn't work:
explanation based on 2024 physics.


Nicolas Tesla envisioned energy transport using electromagnetic wave from point A (where his tower stood) to any point B around the earth including oceans.
In 1901 Tesla built a 68 feet in diameter and 187 feet tall tower known as Wardenclyffe Tower in Long Island, New York. Guglielmo Marconi’s success
signaling the letter “S” from England to Newfoundland in December of that year pushed Tesla to disclose the laboratory’s true objective:
to electrify the Earth by wirelessly transferring power to the entire globe.. Morgan was skeptical of the project’s practicality and withdrew his support in 1903
"No electricity for the masses without paying for it.." https://teslasciencecenter.org/announcements/atlas-obscura-sept-2018/
However Tesla didn't know yet that this kind of energy transport would not work in year1901.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-rise-and-fall-of-nikola-tesla-and-his-tower-11074324/

Tesla's failure:
1. The first very shocking for many of you is this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6331JXvOUGY
but this part of the video is really disturbing to Tesla's funs. https://youtu.be/6331JXvOUGY?t=518
by Kathy Joseph, physicist. (four higher degrees in physics, engineering, science and education.)

some of myths about Tesla: http://amasci.com/tesla/teslafaq.html#four

After the 1929 financial crash, Tesla perhaps would have died penniless, except the Tesla Foundation and Yugoslav
government paid him a monthly pension of $7,200 (that's in 1940s dollars, around $100,000/yr today.)

http://amasci.com/tesla/teslafaq.html#three

2. Is it true that due to inverse square law Tesla's concept was a nonsense ? :
one of the quite controversial opinions was shared in 2012 W. Beaty here : http://amasci.com/tesla/teslafaq.html#five

3. Despite all proses and cones science doesn't take personal opinion of anyone to consideration but opinion makers talks about science.
Only true replicable by independent scientists and likely published in scientific journals examples of humanity progress are recognized.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1yy-zhVM0Y


Conclusions:
If we go around and find how Tesla Dream can be realized we may be pleasantly surprised :
Tesla was self educated experimenter /inventor but In the same 1901 two recognized academic scientists came with solution
that explains how it could be done. It was Professor Sommerfeld and Professor Zenneck
https://labs.ece.uw.edu/ersl/Documen...0IEEE%20AP.pdf
But that will be explained in the next comment.

Wesley

[stivep]

#10
Evolution Nicola Tesla ignored part 1
was started by: Professor Sommerfeld and Professor Zenneck:
Arnold Sommerfeld 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld
Jonathan Adolf Wilhelm Zenneck (15 April 1871 – 8 April 1959) was a German physicist and electrical engineer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Zenneck
What is electromagnetic wave?:
Animals like mammals (including human species) have ability to see Electromagnetic Wave ( in very narrow spectrum) - our eyes acts as the receivers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_jYXQFjCmA , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whEqaxlCVSs . https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/satel...magnetic-waves
How electromagnetic wave propagates? , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vwjcn4Vl2iw , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pn9yxCxzJfY
Conclusion:
Professor Sommerfeld and Professor Zenneck in 1908, found that limiting ability of Electromagnetic Wave to radiate gives us so many benefits ( e.g. Fiberoptic waveguide used now for your fast internet ).
Example: Collecting rain water with use of funnel and sending it through the pipe avoids losses of water. So sending electromagnetic wave in some sort of pipe eliminates most of the loses. At the end we can use this energy for ourselves.
The biggest benefit of it is that Inverse square law doesn't apply to it any longer.
Wesley

[stivep]

#11 words in blue color represents links(click on it)
Evolution Nicola Tesla ignored: part 2
On its way from discovery of electromagnetic wave to the fast internet fiberoptic waveguide, technology
decided split into many directions with increasing speed. (Moore's law)
Tesla died in 1943 Marconi died in 1937 but one year before death of Sommerfeld in 1950 Dr. George Goubau, Inventor of a simplified transmission line, working in the Signal Crops Engineering Laboratories. made progress called Sommerfeld Goubau G-line in science of Surface Wave (-it is link click on red print).

Electromagnetic surface waves can propagate along boundaries between electrically different media like air and earth or sea water and rock..
But also in the boundaries: between wire and covering it dielectric insulator. That what looks like 2D space ( or no space at all) becomes a high speed highway for electromagnetic wave . At the same time this wave is trapped, , confined inside and has no other way to go but to travel inside. At this point that wire covered with dielectric becomes a long cylindrical waveguide (-video)
Note: in the comments of this video there is a link to patent application filed in year please click here and here.

Surface Wave (trapped wave / space restricted wave) may be difficult or impossible to to spot outside of limiting it boundaries.
These structures that are limiting Electromagnetic wave may look like round or rectangular hallow tubing too and they are called waveguides. however there are
also dielectric waveguides and metal dielectric waveguides too. they are called the Interface .
Wesley

[stivep]

#12 words in blue color represents links(click on it)
Why humanity didn't know it exists till very much now (~ year 2021)? part 1

Surface Wave (trapped wave / space restricted wave) may be difficult or impossible to to spot outside of limiting it boundaries.

Explanation:
There are around 7 types of electromagnetic waves having different frequency and energy level per period measured in eV, but we often use some popular names for it so-
Wording such as : UHF VHF,HF VLF, ULF stands for different frequencies but often used wording :
- AM, is intuitively understood as AM modulated HF band with a lot of static interference
- FM, is intuitively understood as FM modulated VHF band radio you can listen e.g. music in High Quality sound .

Wording Surface Wave is the name of entire group of electromagnetic waves where all of the listed below represents exactly the same Surface Wave but having different name due to its application and frequency used. exactly the same way as listed above "popular radio waves."

So waves listed here (click on the link) needs certain conditions to be met to exist and that is mainly the way these waves are trapped confined so they travel inside of specific type of waveguides and not outside of it and we can use them for our application like a water inside of the pipe that can only flow in it.
One of important to us conditions for any particular type of these waves is wave polarization also shown in this video .

That what is included in this part 1 is very much known to science. More of it fallowed by continuation of explanation will be covered in part 2

Wesley

[stivep]

#13 words in blue color represents links(click on it)
Why humanity didn't know it exists till very much now (~ year 2021)? part 2

Surface Wave (trapped wave / space restricted wave) may be difficult or impossible to to spot outside of limiting it boundaries.

Continuation of Explanation:
Not many of you think that you are walking every day on the very high voltage surface the earth closing circuit.

In some telegraph and power transmission circuits, the ground itself can be used as one conductor of the circuit, saving the cost of installing a separate return conductor (see single-wire earth return and earth-return telegraph).

ground is explained here (- click on the link).
Also SWER is one wire electrical system that uses earth as return wire (-video).
Some of HV electrical power lines uses earth as return wire too.
The observer looking at that single wire between wooden electrical utility poles doesn't think about
him being a part of that electrical circuit as he is now part of that ground wire-(video)
So what about bird on siding on that very High Voltage Wire (-video). Why they don't get electrocuted?
They may if they spread legs wider it is called step voltage potential. Fortunately most of birds
have distance between legs small enough so step voltage potential is omittable.


In contrast to all above the Electromagnetic Surface Wave - doesn't "travel" in the form of voltage potential (-video) along earth's surface .
We do not even know that it exists there. ( - more explanation is to come)

That what is included in this part 2 is very much known to science. More of it fallowed by continuation of explanation will be covered in part 3
Wesley

[stivep]

#14 words in blue color represents links(click on it)
Why humanity didn't know it exists till very much now (~ year 2021)? part 3

Surface Wave (trapped wave / space restricted wave may be difficult or impossible to to spot outside of limiting it boundaries.

Continuation of Explanation:

Electromagnetic Surface Wave - doesn't "travel" in the form of voltage potential (-video) along earth's surface .
We do not even know that it exists there.

Origin of Surface Wave:
Surface wave trapped confined in the man made waveguide or made by nature waveguide (like a water inside of the pipe that can only flow in it) can originate from:
1. man made transmitter
2. made by nature "transmitter"

Types of waveguides made by nature:
1. made by nature waveguide between earth and ionosphere where Schumann resonances
are created due to activity of (energy fluctuation in it) e.g. ;lightning.-The natural "transmitter" acting as a source of Electromagnetic Waves.

2. made by nature waveguide between earth surface and air touching this surface.

Jonathan Zenneck of the problem of wave propagation over a lossy earth, it exists as an exact solution to Maxwell's equations.^[8]

Conclusion:
We can use both the man made waveguides and made by nature waveguides to send transmitted by us electromagnetic wave from point A to any other point B along these waveguides.
We can also sense natural electromagnetic energy in these waveguides and/or make use of that energy.

That what is included in this part 3 is very much known to science. More of it fallowed by continuation of explanation will be covered in part 4
Wesley

[stivep]

#15 words in blue color represents links(click on it)
Why humanity didn't know it exists till very much now (~ year 2021)? part 4

Surface Wave (trapped wave / space restricted wave may be difficult or impossible to to spot outside of limiting it boundaries.

Continuation of Explanation:
At lower than visible light frequencies we need additional tools to "see" /"find presence"/ receive or spot electromagnetic wave .
These tools are : spectrum analyzer, or oscilloscope with preamplifier or regular radio receiver at best with BFO for Carrier Signal or Carrier Wave (-video).
but if we are outside of the waveguide, presence of electromagnetic wave in it can't be spotted/received/ detected .
(example: as an analogy- you do not know if water is in the pipe by looking at it from outside) of It .



So if Waveguide looks like pipe or rectangular tubing you have no idea that electromagnetic wave is in it etc. ,
even more difficult is for us if that electromagnetic wave is in the flat 2D waveguide. such as Interface. - fortunately such waveguide of our interest
has always the same structure:
- a wire ( a conductor)covered with. air( dielectric) known as Goubau G-line here is Video
- a wire ( a conductor)covered or coated with Teflon( dielectric) known as principal fundamental Goubau G-line
- a foil ( a conductor) coated with. e.g. Teflon( dielectric)
- a foil ( a conductor) covered with. air( dielectric)
- earth surface ( a lossy conductor) covered with. air( dielectric) - natural waveguide called Interface
So we always have ( a conductor) and touching it ( dielectric),



In this video here: we see commercially used Goubau G-line with copper cones from two sides of wire. (a resonant cavity Resonator)
The role of these cones and its application may be different for different frequency of the signal traveling in such waveguide.
e.g. for waveguides handling higher frequencies you may see use of grating used for impedance matching:
-more complex science based description sounds like this:
generic waveguide grating, defining input, reflected, transmitted and radiated beams. Reflection and radiation phase-matching conditions

Conclusions:
An analogy: Standing outside of a house you can't measure size of its living room- you have no idea what is inside of the house
and if you do you are just recalling it from your memory.

Reality: Electromagnetic wave (other than visible light) is invisible, not sensed by our 5 senses.
And electromagnetic wave inside of any waveguide is (trapped wave / space restricted wave that may
be difficult or impossible to to spot outside of limiting it boundaries - you have no idea what is inside of the waveguide
and if you do you are just recalling it from your memory.

During its entire history of evolution the animals belonging to group of Mammals and recognized as
human animal - Homo Sapiens had no idea that electromagnetic wave exists. Much later that particular life form started
to understand how to send it with use of waveguides .However nature created its own waveguides
that has its own natural form of transmitters - due to natural energy fluctuation ( e.g. lightning)
making its own electromagnetic wave that can be present in such waveguide.Prof .Daniels

Fortunately to these species Inverse Square Law doesn't apply to waveguides -that energy can be converted to form of energy Humans may use.
The lower is frequency of such electromagnetic wave - the lower is its loss in that natural waveguide.
We are not talking about Schuman resonance in Earth Ionosphere waveguide ,
We are talking about natural waveguide called : INTERFACE.

Wesley


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