German Silver – Tesla’s Resistive Wire

[Aaron]

German Silver – Tesla’s Resistive Wire

I hope you all find this useful.

If you want the same resistive wire that Tesla used, then use German Silver. It is made of copper, nickel and zinc.

Tesla used it in transformers, yes resistive wire in transformers, and interestingly enough, he even used it for mechanical pieces such as the turbine for the Tesla Turbine. I have never seen a replication with German Silver for the turbine even though that is the material Tesla used for its properties.

German Silver is available from many sources and it is popular for crafts. Most “brass” instruments that are silver color are German Silver. It is all around you and you probably didn’t know it.

For the purposes of using German Silver as an inductive resistor, simply find the right size and length you need…it is plentiful and the cost is similar to nichrome that I have found.

The German Silver has anomalous properties. The secret to over 1.0 cop heat with inductive elements is in the material itself and not from any particular circuit.

I have done countless hours of testing with the Ainslie circuit and I have about 6 gigabytes of videos, spreadsheets, etc… from all these tests. I have not posted a majority of what I have because a lot is redundant. The Ainslie circuit is probably the most straightforward way to start experimenting with these concepts. I don’t see benefit to a magical oscillation method or waveform. The resistive wire has negative resistance effects from the material and this is where the gains are coming from. I have measured true overunity by having the temperature of the resistors drop with a net negative draw from the battery. And I have had over 1.0 COP heat gains from my battery draw down tests where the Ainslie circuit outran the control by different margins but the gain no matter what it is seems to always be there.

Try capacitive dumps into inductive resistors made of German Silver (or even nichrome), etc… put it in the Gray circuits I posted, the Luc water sparkplug circuit (as inductor when I showed the silent plasma), etc…

If you search around, you will find many older references to German Silver as it WAS the resistive wire used back in the day. You can find resistance per foot measurements from different blends of the German Silver. Copper, Nickel and Zinc are used in different proportions…mostly Copper and Nickel with smaller amounts of Zinc.

Other names for German Silver: alpaca, alpacca, new silver, paktong, nickel silver, cupro nickel, and others…

I’m personally looking for 12awg in good length. The 14awg listed below is the best deal so far that I’ve found but I still want thicker.

Some wire is listed as German Silver but is NOT a mix of copper, nickel and zinc. If it doesn’t have these three materials only, do not buy it because it isn’t German Silver regardless of how it is listed. A lot of “German Silver” is silver plated copper. That is NOT German Silver.

Nikola Tesla's Disk Turbine
"It is interesting to note that some of Tesla's turbine disks were fabricated out of a material known as German Silver. This hard alloy, once commonly used for tableware, also contains nickel along with copper and zinc in varying proportions.”
Supposedly the material couldn’t hold up to the speeds.

Tesla: man out of time - Google Books

The inventions, researches and ... - Google Books

http://911truthsherbrooke.files.word...at00613735.pdf

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EASY & CHEAP SOURCES

German Silver 14awg

German Silver 16awg

German Silver 18awg

German Silver 20awg

German Silver 22awg

German Silver 24awg

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Nickel Silver Wire (German Silver) C75200 ASTM 206 Nickel Silver is a name applied to an alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc. The very early nickel silvers actually contained small amounts of silver. The most common alloy nickel silver C75200 which nominally contains 65% copper, 18% nickel, and 17% zinc and is referred to as nickel silver 65-18. The alloys conductivity is about 6% that of copper. Condition is annealed but cold working will harden and increase the tensile strength.

There are other blends with different percentage so search out what Tesla used and find the closest. I’d go with this for now… C75200 because it is the most popular and easiest to get.

[baroutologos]

From my experience in this field, i can tell that in the OU pursue something fundamental is missing. (if Ou is around of course)

We are not talking about fine tuning in every case.. Such a fundamental thing as using correct materials with bizzare properties will suite the case for me.

baroutologos

[FuzzyTomCat]

Hi Aaron,

I haven't been able to find a resistance chart for "German Silver Wire" have you been able to find one? The properties are for the ASTM C75200 which nominally contains 65% copper, 18% nickel, and 17% zinc and because of its high copper content must have a much lower "Ohms" per foot than the Ni Cr "A" 20 Awg is .634766 ohms per foot that I am presently using with a 80% Nickel and 20% chromium blend. I think that 100% soft copper that is 20 Awg has a resistance of .010128 per foot so the length of the wire has to be much much longer with the "German Silver" ASTM C75200 wire.

I'll keep looking for a resistance per foot table and keep you informed, I'm curious now how much added length would be needed for the 10 Ohm load resistor used in the Rosemary Ainslie Heater circuit.

Glen

[Aaron]

material science

I mentioned this weeks ago to someone that has an interesting view of the material of German Silver as it relates to small scale "Peltier Effect." I don't know if that is the case but it is interesting - perhaps he will comment.

There have been extensive tests done with German Silver and these anomalous effects.... which I don't believe anyone will find any references online.

[Aaron]

reference charts

Hi Glen,

I'll see if I can find the references I found. They're in my archive somewhere. They were in backs of 100 year old books. I'll post what I can find.

[Joit]

Even Wiki do know about it.
Nickel silver - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Someone should may add a note, to use it with the R. ainslie circuit

[Aaron]

german silver info

Glen, I'm having trouble finding these resistance charts for German Silver.
When I got them, I was searching for: electricity heat, electrical heat, etc... there is a lot but I don't recall the exact books.

This is not what I'm looking for but here are some old book references - I will post tables if I can find them unless someone beats me to it, which I hope someone does

Read page 606 item 1378 to item 1404 on page 610
especially 1396 about Peltier on page 608 - I like to read the old descriptions because they lack all the obfuscation of today's insanity.
Electricity: its theory, sources ... - Google Books

Elements of electricity: a practical ... - Google Books

Lessons in practical electricity ... - Google Books

http://www.pnas.org/content/7/10/299.full.pdf

The Electrical engineer - Google Books

[Aaron]

increase in magnetic field at higher temps

I forgot to mention, as temp in the inductive resistors increases, the resistance increases.

BUT... As temp goes up, the magnetic field INCREASES to compensate for decreased resistance. Do you see where some of the gain comes from at higher temps?

This happens with resistive wire.

[FuzzyTomCat]

Hi Aaron,

Here is a PDF from a book "Wire in Electrical Construction" published in 1897 with "German Silver" wire resistances charting two different Nickel blends of 18% and 30% .....
( PDF page 74 - Book page 62 )

http://ia331339.us.archive.org/1/ite...00johniala.pdf

Glen

[Sputins]

Helpful information..

Thanks fellas, this information is quite timely as I have been experimenting with L.M.D. networks, (ala Eric Dollard - with capacitors in series with the inductor coils in parallel). I have been having some problems when with several coils in parallel and once in resonance the resistance drops very rapidly, blowing up my audio amp mosfets..

Now if the inductors were constructed with resistive german silver wire, with each coil having an inductance of say 1mH or so and the resistance of them being 20-60 ohms each then 6 of these coils in parallel would bring the total resistance to 4-12 ohms, just the perfect load for my high powered amp.. Will be interesting to see how this will effect the resonant frequency though..

The aim of this is to produce stong Longitudinal Magneto-Dielectric waves..

Thanks again for the info..

[sucahyo]

Do we have to make our own wire shielding for this kind of wire? Or we can just wound it?

old document from archive.org contain "german silver".

Wire in electrical construction (1892)

"The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla, with special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting"

[Aaron]

winding

Sucahyo,

Glen has wound more than anyone I think. You just need space
between each winding to keep it from shorting itself.

[sucahyo]

Sucahyo,

Glen has wound more than anyone I think. You just need space
between each winding to keep it from shorting itself.

I see, thanks .

More old book, some may be out of topic

"Electric arcs; experiments upon arcs between different electrodes in various environments and their explanation"
But eight years before this Wild^ had measured this same quantity by throwing the arc with a double-throw switch from the batteries to a high resistance galvanometer. He was not able to determine the E.M.F. accurately, because the resistance of the vapor between the carbons was not known to him, but he concluded that it was more than 100 times as great as the E.M.F. produced by a copper German silver couple having the same difference of temperature at its terminals. This statement, indefinite though it is, is more accurate than any statement of residual E.M.F. made for several decades thereafter.

"Principles of wireless telegraphy"
If we pass now from the case of copper to that of German silver, which has a specific resistance about 14 times as great as copper, it is seen that the departure between high-frequency resistance and steady-current resistance is not so great as for copper. For German-silver wires less than 1 millimeter in diameter the high-frequency resistance differs by not more than | of 1% from the steady resistance. Above one millimeter in diameter the ratio of
R f to R for German silver increases progressively with increase of diameter.

"Dynamo-electric Machinery: A Manual for Students of Electrotechnics"
The coil-holders, moreover, are of German silver, the high specific resistance of, which alloy reduces the losses by eddy-currents to -j^th or ^xXx of what they would be if brass were used.

"Recent types of dynamo-electric machinery; a complete guide for the electrician, engineer, student and professor, being a valuable history of the building of American dynamo machines and their application, illustrated with over 600 engravings"

[lighty]

@Aaron

What took you so long?

[Jetijs]

Sounds very interesting. I would like to experiment with this wire, but can't find any sources that ship internationally.
Can someone help?
Thank you!
Jetijs