The Missing Fundamental Generator

[Armagdn03]

As I stated in my Eccentric Transformer thread, I would provide some information on a new possible design, which is an extended use of the eccentric transformer theory.


To start, it is important to understand the "missing fundamental effect" and the Hyperphysics website describes it well.

"The subjective tones which are produced by the beating of the various harmonics of the sound of a musical instrument help to reinforce the pitch of the fundamental frequency. Most musical instruments produce a fundamental frequency plus several higher tones which are whole-number multiples of the fundamental. The beat frequencies between the successive harmonics constitute subjective tones which are at the same frequency as the fundamental and therefore reinforce the sense of pitch of the fundamental note being played. If the lower harmonics are not produced because of the poor fidelity or filtering of the sound reproduction equipment, you still hear the tone as having the pitch of the non-existant fundamental because of the presence of these beat frequencies. This is called the missing fundamental effect. It plays an important role in sound reproduction by preserving the sense of pitch (including the perception of melody) when reproduced sound loses some of its lower frequencies.

The presence of the beat frequencies between the harmonics gives a strong sense of pitch for instruments such as the brass and woodwind instruments. For percussion instruments such as the cymbal, the sense of pitch is less definite because there are non-harmonic overtones present in the sound."



In essence even if the fundamental tone is missing, either due to poor reproducibility or intentionally, it will be subjectively created through the beat frequencies of the natural harmonics.

[Armagdn03]

By the way, unlike my other thread, this one has not been experimented with, and is only a "train of logic" thread, a place to share my ideas in this fascinating phenomenon.

To start, we can begin looking at the addition of harmonics (doublings and halvings only) I made these charts in excel by using the law of superposition of waves.

First we have 50hz wave,



Notice a pure sine wave, with amplitude 1.
Next we add in a 100hz wave doubling the 50, adding a harmonic...



Here notice that we have subtracted part of the wave, to add to the peak of another, notice that the maximum amplitude is now larger than 1.

Here we will add in a third harmonic...150hz



Again notice amplitude

and here we skip to 6 harmonics together, 50-100-150-200-250-300



What is interesting here is that these are not additions of random frequencies, rather these are naturally occuring additions of the strongest harmonic family the doubling and halving. Other families include thirds fifths sevenths etc.

If you understand the superposition of waves, you will note that energy is conserved throughout, however, what is interesting to note, is that much of the energy has been compacted into small regularly spaced spikes of large amplitude.

[Armagdn03]

Here is a very intersting video by researcher Eric Dollard speaking of specifically of the varying wave forms associated with different forms of resonance.

In particular it is noted that the LC circuit will selectively enjoy one frequency. However when dealing with systems which behave more like natural resonant structures, we see the harmonics enter the game, and begin to change the shape and character of the wave.

The third example he gives is a quarter wave resonator, with one end grounded and other end open

"The harmonics are in phase, and we end up with impulses"

YouTube - Part 2 of 6: Eric Dollard Tesla Longitudinal Wave Energy SBARC Ham Radio with Chris Carson

Notice the resemblance to the last photo on the last page. Now take note that I have ONLY included the primary harmonic family (halving and doubling)

(this the portion of the video of interest is from the beginning to about 2:00 minutes in)


Here is an intersting photo of the 2nd and 3rd harmonics together

[dragon]

following along...

I've been following along in your eccentric transformer thread, actually most of the work you've been sharing - resonance etc... I have to admit that it's similar to an alien teaching the caveman ( myself being the caveman ) as it gets difficult to follow at times...

In any case, as I try to stumble along... is each additional frequency added at the same amplitude or power level as the first? Is there an explanation of why the lowest frequency would pick up the amplification of the others?

This is actually one of the best explanations of the Smith or Kapanadze device I've seen so far... playing with my own experiments I've found ways to manipulate frequencies mildly but they seem to separate in multiples instead of combine. As shown below...

Thanks for sharing your wealth of knowledge and I will continue to stumble along behind you....
________

[Armagdn03]

I've been following along in your eccentric transformer thread, actually most of the work you've been sharing - resonance etc... I have to admit that it's similar to an alien teaching the caveman ( myself being the caveman ) as it gets difficult to follow at times...

In any case, as I try to stumble along... is each additional frequency added at the same amplitude or power level as the first? Is there an explanation of why the lowest frequency would pick up the amplification of the others?

This is actually one of the best explanations of the Smith or Kapanadze device I've seen so far... playing with my own experiments I've found ways to manipulate frequencies mildly but they seem to separate in multiples instead of combine. As shown below...

Thanks for sharing your wealth of knowledge and I will continue to stumble along behind you....

I wondered why I always got so few responses! ha ha ha

I will start a second thread to this one entitled "playing with waves on excel" which will not only show what I am doing, but allow people to have fun themselves!

http://www.energeticforum.com/renewa...html#post96356

[Armagdn03]

The image above comes from an AWESOME article written by Ray Tomes and his Harmonics Theory website! Harmonics Theory Physics and Maths

This describes the energy flow relationship between harmonics, How do harmonics add to one another??? Subtract???

In the article Tomes describes different harmonic families, and begins by looking at the relative strengths of the harmonic families.



Here you can see that multiples of 2 and 3 are very strong and prominant harmonics, we have harmonics such as 2, 4,12,24,36 etc.

If we back up and take into account many more we can see a relation to music!



And we can even go further to describe the harmonic families with neat little equations!

The first family goes 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ... or just the powers of 2. Initially these are the strongest harmonics but at 8 the harmonics dip below the next family, their cousins, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, ... which are all powers of two times 3. Again these are the strongest harmonics from 12 to 48 but then 96 falls below the line of the next family. This process keeps repeating with families that are powers of two times 3, 3^2, 3^3, 3^4 and so on. It can be seen that the peaks of these coloured parabolas occur between 12 and 24 then 144 and 288 and so on.

How cool is this???

we are describing all the frequencies which can arise naturally only out of the number 1 being a fundamental frequency! We are describing how they live with each other, create each other, SUSTAIN each other!

We are figuring out which families are strongest! which ones will be the most prominant to appear in our apparatus as described by Dollard, and we know that when all are IN PHASE and summed within the same physical space.

How do we create low frequency from High, how do we create high frequency from low,

Answer these questions! This is what is important!

[Armagdn03]

Enter the word "Parametrics"

We may define parametric excitation as a change in the physical parameters of an oscillatory system, giving rise to oscillation.

For example,

In a pendulum oscillator, you have two main factors affecting the frequency of oscillation, the length of the pendulum, and the mass associated with it.

If you vary either the length of the pendulum or the weight, you will cause a "pumping" action. If the frequency of the "pumping" is TWO times the natural frequency of the oscillator, you notice the amplitude begin to rise and rise. If it is anything other than this, it becomes VERY complicated, and by the looks of it random (though it is not).

Think about this for a second. If you have a frequency "X" and it changes the parameters of an oscillator with a frequency X/2 (any kind) it will excite that frequency, and transfer energy to it.

This means that a frequency X, gives rise to frequency x/2 if the conditions are correct.

This can be applied to electronics even. For example, if you could vary (by 200hz) the inductance of an LC circuit with a resonant frequency of 100hz, you would generate power in the LC.

Now the reality of the situation is this.......creating stress in a material be it magnetic or dielectric, will change the properties of this material.

For example, if I have a core with a coil, I may have inductance "H". If I stick a very strong magnet to this core, will it have the same inductance??? NO!
Because I have stressed the core, I have changed its characteristics, and the coil now has a changed parameter (the inductance has changed).

Imagine a super simple generator,

A magnet passes by a coil in the traditional orientation to create power...this is how we run our civilization.

Now turn that coil 90 degrees so that when the magnet passes by it creates NO POWER. useless....right? No! Lets add to that coil a capacitor and now we have a tank circuit, of resonance 100hz. each time the magnet passes the core, it will change the inductance of the core. If it does so at 200hz, or twice the resonant frequency of the tank, it will create power in the LC (tank) circuit! All power created in this tank circuit will be 90 degrees opposed to the passing magnets....meaning NO BEMF.

This is a damn simple machine.

Now consider this, any "wave" traveling through any space (cores, physical vacuum etc) will change the parameters of that space.

This gives rise to NEW frequencies which are parametrically excited by this variation.

This is how frequency is born, sustains, creates and propagates its cousin frequencies, this is how one frequency can give birth to many.

[Armagdn03]

Relevant information

http://www.energeticforum.com/renewa...html#post73799 by Dr. Lindemann

http://www.energeticforum.com/renewa...html#post90090 By Eric Dollard

Parametric Power Multiplication parametric power multiplication by Dr. James F Corum Tesla expert

Did you know that diodes can be used as variable capacitors??? Look up vericap

Varicap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

someone start running with this!

[Jetijs]

Great stuff man
I have also been thinking about this parametric change a lot lately. Seems this is the answer.

[Harvey]

Armagdn03,

I salute you and the work you have done in this thread

This is exactly what I was trying to stress in this post from another thread:

Select 9 astable multivibrators, fixed frequency, random duty cycle.
A fundamental frequency, four harmonics below and four harmonics above.
Each oscillator should have a reset pin to allow independent reset.
Run all 9 through an XOR gate.
Using a randomization, randomly reset the oscillators to effect phase changes in the timing. This should be independent of the random duty cycle.

. . .

If you want to see something really cool, use only odd harmonics and use as many as your program will allow and watch what happens to the sine wave.

Cheers!

[cody]

Great info! I love it! I had been considering rigging up a tank circuit on my bedini motor, but never considered this. One question, the device you describe using magnets passing a coil to change the inductance, this would change the inductance in a sine wave fashion, if that makes sense. Would it not be better for the inductance to change in more of a square wave to keep up with the oscillations in the tank. Say we need 10mH and 20mH, this would occur at top dead center and dead between the magnets, but in between those positions we would get 11mH, 12mH, 13mH........ Would that not kill the resonant effect ? Keep the info coming please, fascinating stuff.

[Armagdn03]

Armagdn03,

I salute you and the work you have done in this thread

This is exactly what I was trying to stress in this post from another thread:


If you want to see something really cool, use only odd harmonics and use as many as your program will allow and watch what happens to the sine wave.

Cheers!

I am trying this now! I am creating a program which can handle 26 different frequencies with 1200 data points ploted for each, in phase! should be interesting!

[Harvey]

I built a table of all the odd harmonics as follows:
Column A - 'Angles' : Column Series starting with 0.2 step 0.2 stopping at 360
Cell B2 = Input Frequency
Cell Q1 Row Series starting with 1 step by 2 stopping at 249 (used Fill on Edit menu)
Cell Q2 = $B$2 * Q1 (copied to all cells to the right) for Row 2
Cell Q3 =(SIN(2*RADIANS($A3)*Q$2))/Q$2 This formula is copied to all cells for Range Q3:EK1802
Cell P3 = Sum(Q3:EK3) This formula is copied to all cells for Column P3:P1802

A Scatter Chart is made of Column P which shows the Sum of All odd Harmonics with the Fourier Series amplitude of each diminished by 1/n for each harmonic (hence the '/Q$2' in the above equation). I put the chart left of Column P - that is why there is a gap in the columns there .

This tells us that any wave form of this shape is rich in odd harmonics which can be filtered out as pure sines and used at their individual frequencies.

Food for thought: How many sentences of information could be encoded on a single cycle using an Ascii coding requiring 7 harmonics each? How could harmonics be shared and still retain the information? Pondering this helps us to realize how our brains function when they take the audio impulses from a single wire and transform them into a full orchestra of sound. It is because we have filtering systems that breakdown those harmonics. This perspective should also help us realize how we store and manipulate information in our minds.

[ren]

How could harmonics be shared and still retain the information? Pondering this helps us to realize how our brains function when they take the audio impulses from a single wire and transform them into a full orchestra of sound. It is because we have filtering systems that breakdown those harmonics. This perspective should also help us realize how we store and manipulate information in our minds.

Wow Harvey. For a second there I think my mind actually grasped/visualized that "filtering" system. But...now its gone That really did tickle my imagination though.

Love your work gentlemen. I was inspired to go back to the Solfeggio frequency pages I stumbled across along time ago. I forgot how fascinating it was.

Thank you for your most valuable insights and contributions.

Regards

[boguslaw]

Armagedn03

Man, you are talking with sense! . That thread is worth more that all of your eccentric transformer threads. But keep in mind that accumulating energy in system is only a part of solution. Now you have to find a method to extract energy from pendulum without disturbing it with lenz law.Not eccentric transformer but truly open path method...
The simplest way I know to do parametric resonance is to use two currents flowing in the same coil .Now you tell me what I'm thinking about...