Hi Gurus,
I have been around under different names for a while. I am still not an expert, but I get frustrated by the use of terms that are simply incorrect! I am trying to clear these terms up and with help from others here, trying to define their definitions more clearly, so a better approach can be taken to the industry we have all created.
FEMF :
The term Forward Electro Motive Force, or just EMF, this is directly a result of Induction. There are two types of induction, Flux Cutting and Flux Linking. Each are separate and defined differently, by separate equations.
The Flux Cutting equation is : EMF = Bvl
The Flux Linking Equation is : EMF = -dPhi/dt
Defined by George I Cohn.
BEMF :
The term Back Electro Motive Force, the same as CEMF, is also directly a result of Induction, defined in the FEMF section. However, BEMF or CEMF is always in opposition to the Input Power we put into the device that is being acted upon by the BEMF in the first place.
An Example, we are driving an Electric Motor, our input is 12V @ 1 amp. The Rotation of this Electric motor will be affected by BEMF in the opposite direction to the for mentioned input, causing more input into the Electric Motor than is actually required to run the Electric Motor in the first place. Thus, only a fraction of the input we put into the motor is actually doing work to turn the Shaft of the Electric motor, the rest is actually being destroyed by the BEMF, caused by induction as the Shaft, Rotor turns.
BEMF is Induction as a result of the Rotation of the Rotor, which is in opposition to our Input. (In most Cases but not all - Some Motors have no BEMF Issues)
BEMF is NOT Inductive Collapse!!!!
Inductive Collapse :
The term Inductive Collapse, this term is also directly a result of Induction. Let’s step through this as it happens. An Inductor is pulsed at 1 Hz, DC Current is driven into the inductor, a Magnetic Field Builds as the Voltage catches up to the Current in the Inductor. The DC Current is abruptly switched off. We still have a Magnetic Field, at the point the DC Current is switched off, the Magnetic Field B Collapses. The Coil Conductor is cut by the Collapsing Magnetic Field in the Area of the Coil Conductor which in turn creates an EMF through Induction, EMF = Bvl.
The Magnetic Field B may have an area of say one Cubic Meter, but the Coil we use to create this field may only have an area of fifty Cubic Millimetres, so it is easy to see that the Coil Conductor is not going to be cut by all of the Magnetic Field. There are losses in this type of arrangement and these losses can’t be gained back simply by using a few diodes on the ends of the Coil. You can use a Closed Core arrangement and you will get much better Re-Capture of Energy from the Magnetic Field but then you will have Eddy Current, Hysteresis and other losses.
For Example, Through a Bucket of Water up in the air as high and as fast as you can, then try, with your bucket to catch every single drop of water with the bucket again! This is obvious that there is going to be losses in the volume of water.
In our above scenario Diode losses must also be accounted for, each diode requiring at least ˝ a volt to turn on. This method of Re-Capturing Energy of a magnetic Field can be calculated : Energy = 1/2LI Squared.
This process is NOT Over Unity, but it is a very good way to do work, and then recover some of your energy back. This arrangement can easily be measured as Over Unity but most of the time this is Measurement Artefacts and this circuit can never run itself which is the only real proof of Over Unity.
DC to DC Converter :
The DC to DC Converter has been around for quite some time and runs on the same principal, Inductive Collapse. The most efficient DC to DC Converter I have ever seen is 95% efficient. Inductive Collapse increases the DC Voltage at the cost of DC Current.
Over Unity :
Over Unity, where our Input (X) is exceeded by one or multiple Outputs (Y...). So, for example : our Output (Y = 2) divided by our Input (X = 1) = COP = 2. The Coefficient of Performance = 2. This means we are 2 times above Unity. Instantaneous Power Measurements are usually the best to compare.
In our above example with a DC Pulse Motor and Inductive Collapse (Energy Recovery): Over Unity can be achieved if Torque on a Motor Shaft and Energy Re-Capture can both be accounted for in the one device, as long as you have a motor that does not suffer from BEMF and is above 90% efficient but the gain is minimal and the device becomes a Desk Toy and nothing more.
Radiant Energy :
We have all heard about Radiant Energy as far back as the days of Nikola Tesla. Nikola Tesla explained Radiant Energy as Electric in Nature and NOT Magnetic. Radiant Energy can be proven to be Electrical in nature by Experiments done by Prof Konstantin Meyl. Do the Research here yourself.
See : Prof Konstantin Meyl - Scalar Waves - Theory And Experiments (2001) - For the only known Circuits that work for Radiant Energy and theory of Experiments. Its interesting to note the Circuits have been measured Over Unity by Prof Konstantin Meyl!
So, if you have proof otherwise to the above facts, please post a detailed no mess around, reply to this message so it can be easily replicated. No Loads of Neon, Fluorescent or any other Gaseous type Globes will be accepted as evidence as these loads are nothing more than Fools Gold for FE Researchers.
Scalar :
Scalar: A Quantity of something, usually having magnitude and not direction. A “Quantity” of Potential (Electric Charge). Water in a bucket is a Scalar! A "Quantity" of Water!
E.G. The Charge on a Capacitor Plate is a Scalar Potential, a "Quantity" of Potential.
A Scalar Wave is nothing more than Uniform Electrical Impulses, if you like in resonance, to form a wave. A better name : "Scalar Potential Wave" really should be used but most people now know the term "Scalar Wave". Some people find this stuff difficult as the meanings have been distorted for so long, simple things made complex by the minds of those that really dont understand it, but claim they do.
Summary :
I hope this has cleared up many of the hard to understand aspects of this grey area of magnetics. I think it is important to note that Peter Lindemann has pointed this stuff out a few times in his posts and also in his Videos.
Links:
Measuring DC Power : Measuring DC Power (Basic guide)
Measuring AC Power : Measuring AC Power (Basic guide)
Power Factor Guide : Power Factor Guide (Very good explanation here!)
Self-Resonant Frequency of Inductors : Self-Resonant Frequency of Inductors
Generating Negative Energy : Generating Negative Energy
All the Best - EMJunkie
..
I have been around under different names for a while. I am still not an expert, but I get frustrated by the use of terms that are simply incorrect! I am trying to clear these terms up and with help from others here, trying to define their definitions more clearly, so a better approach can be taken to the industry we have all created.
FEMF :
The term Forward Electro Motive Force, or just EMF, this is directly a result of Induction. There are two types of induction, Flux Cutting and Flux Linking. Each are separate and defined differently, by separate equations.
The Flux Cutting equation is : EMF = Bvl
The Flux Linking Equation is : EMF = -dPhi/dt
Defined by George I Cohn.
BEMF :
The term Back Electro Motive Force, the same as CEMF, is also directly a result of Induction, defined in the FEMF section. However, BEMF or CEMF is always in opposition to the Input Power we put into the device that is being acted upon by the BEMF in the first place.
An Example, we are driving an Electric Motor, our input is 12V @ 1 amp. The Rotation of this Electric motor will be affected by BEMF in the opposite direction to the for mentioned input, causing more input into the Electric Motor than is actually required to run the Electric Motor in the first place. Thus, only a fraction of the input we put into the motor is actually doing work to turn the Shaft of the Electric motor, the rest is actually being destroyed by the BEMF, caused by induction as the Shaft, Rotor turns.
BEMF is Induction as a result of the Rotation of the Rotor, which is in opposition to our Input. (In most Cases but not all - Some Motors have no BEMF Issues)
BEMF is NOT Inductive Collapse!!!!
Inductive Collapse :
The term Inductive Collapse, this term is also directly a result of Induction. Let’s step through this as it happens. An Inductor is pulsed at 1 Hz, DC Current is driven into the inductor, a Magnetic Field Builds as the Voltage catches up to the Current in the Inductor. The DC Current is abruptly switched off. We still have a Magnetic Field, at the point the DC Current is switched off, the Magnetic Field B Collapses. The Coil Conductor is cut by the Collapsing Magnetic Field in the Area of the Coil Conductor which in turn creates an EMF through Induction, EMF = Bvl.
The Magnetic Field B may have an area of say one Cubic Meter, but the Coil we use to create this field may only have an area of fifty Cubic Millimetres, so it is easy to see that the Coil Conductor is not going to be cut by all of the Magnetic Field. There are losses in this type of arrangement and these losses can’t be gained back simply by using a few diodes on the ends of the Coil. You can use a Closed Core arrangement and you will get much better Re-Capture of Energy from the Magnetic Field but then you will have Eddy Current, Hysteresis and other losses.
For Example, Through a Bucket of Water up in the air as high and as fast as you can, then try, with your bucket to catch every single drop of water with the bucket again! This is obvious that there is going to be losses in the volume of water.
In our above scenario Diode losses must also be accounted for, each diode requiring at least ˝ a volt to turn on. This method of Re-Capturing Energy of a magnetic Field can be calculated : Energy = 1/2LI Squared.
This process is NOT Over Unity, but it is a very good way to do work, and then recover some of your energy back. This arrangement can easily be measured as Over Unity but most of the time this is Measurement Artefacts and this circuit can never run itself which is the only real proof of Over Unity.
DC to DC Converter :
The DC to DC Converter has been around for quite some time and runs on the same principal, Inductive Collapse. The most efficient DC to DC Converter I have ever seen is 95% efficient. Inductive Collapse increases the DC Voltage at the cost of DC Current.
Over Unity :
Over Unity, where our Input (X) is exceeded by one or multiple Outputs (Y...). So, for example : our Output (Y = 2) divided by our Input (X = 1) = COP = 2. The Coefficient of Performance = 2. This means we are 2 times above Unity. Instantaneous Power Measurements are usually the best to compare.
In our above example with a DC Pulse Motor and Inductive Collapse (Energy Recovery): Over Unity can be achieved if Torque on a Motor Shaft and Energy Re-Capture can both be accounted for in the one device, as long as you have a motor that does not suffer from BEMF and is above 90% efficient but the gain is minimal and the device becomes a Desk Toy and nothing more.
Radiant Energy :
We have all heard about Radiant Energy as far back as the days of Nikola Tesla. Nikola Tesla explained Radiant Energy as Electric in Nature and NOT Magnetic. Radiant Energy can be proven to be Electrical in nature by Experiments done by Prof Konstantin Meyl. Do the Research here yourself.
See : Prof Konstantin Meyl - Scalar Waves - Theory And Experiments (2001) - For the only known Circuits that work for Radiant Energy and theory of Experiments. Its interesting to note the Circuits have been measured Over Unity by Prof Konstantin Meyl!
So, if you have proof otherwise to the above facts, please post a detailed no mess around, reply to this message so it can be easily replicated. No Loads of Neon, Fluorescent or any other Gaseous type Globes will be accepted as evidence as these loads are nothing more than Fools Gold for FE Researchers.
Scalar :
Scalar: A Quantity of something, usually having magnitude and not direction. A “Quantity” of Potential (Electric Charge). Water in a bucket is a Scalar! A "Quantity" of Water!
E.G. The Charge on a Capacitor Plate is a Scalar Potential, a "Quantity" of Potential.
A Scalar Wave is nothing more than Uniform Electrical Impulses, if you like in resonance, to form a wave. A better name : "Scalar Potential Wave" really should be used but most people now know the term "Scalar Wave". Some people find this stuff difficult as the meanings have been distorted for so long, simple things made complex by the minds of those that really dont understand it, but claim they do.
Summary :
I hope this has cleared up many of the hard to understand aspects of this grey area of magnetics. I think it is important to note that Peter Lindemann has pointed this stuff out a few times in his posts and also in his Videos.
Links:
Measuring DC Power : Measuring DC Power (Basic guide)
Measuring AC Power : Measuring AC Power (Basic guide)
Power Factor Guide : Power Factor Guide (Very good explanation here!)
Self-Resonant Frequency of Inductors : Self-Resonant Frequency of Inductors
Generating Negative Energy : Generating Negative Energy
All the Best - EMJunkie
..
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