Eric Dollard

[cyborg]

It's a PicoScope, PC based, which has previously been used on jobs for the Ministry Of Defence, British Aerospace, Royal Mint etc, so it's working properly and calibrated. This is also confirmed with any DC measurements. But when measuring the coil output it always shows negative reading between ground/earth and the pickup.

"Hairpin circuit" is the internet name, Tesla referred to it as the stout copper bars experiment.

Tesla Patent 568,180 - Apparatus for Producing Electrical Currents of High Frequency

Tesla Radiant Energy - YouTube

Thanks for the info.
The first patent is an improved "circuit controller" AKA now- a-days as a "synchronous gap with dwell" used in some more advanced TC designs by modern "coilers". It's definitely more efficient.

The "hairpin" seems to a an inductor/antenna/terminal buss as part of a resonant circuit. Even though it's a short at dc, it will have a reactance at RF frequencies, allowing a potential difference to light lamps,etc.

I wouldn't run one of those too long, as you will be transmitting on somebody's frequency! That device will radiate.

Could you tell me more about where in the circuit you are getting a "negative polarity" with your scope? I may have misunderstood what you meant.

[artoj]

Help is free

Hi David

I wouldn't worry about the small amount of corona losses as the voltage on a primary is generally never high enough to warrant it (usually 3000-30000 volts, ave Tesla coil)

The formula that R Ford uses is pretty accurate (within 5%). I have re-written it for use in meters and Henries.

Ra = Radius Average (mtrs)
W = Width (mtrs)
N = number of Turns
Lp =(Ra^2*N^2)/(Ra*203200+W*279400) Henries

Remember this is an empirical formula that Wheeler and others developed over a set of careful and accurate measurements of coils.

I found the best way is to use this formula and other formula in conjunction with an 2 different inductance meters and a oscilloscope and Volt,Amp and resistance meters

Here is a sample of a spiral flat coil(flat ribbon) I have built and used that is within 1% of measurement

Pri wire len max 17.0217 mtrs 17021.6705 mm
Pri wire len min 0.9135 mtrs 913.5186 mm
Pri diam spiral outer 0b 0.5458 mtrs 545.7820 mm
Pri diam spiral inner 0b 0.2878 mtrs 287.7820 mm
Pri wire diam 0b(thickness) 0.0030 mtrs 3.0000 mm
Pri circum outer 1.7146 mtrs 1714.6247 mm
Pri circum inner 0.9041 mtrs 904.0938 mm
Pri turns max 13.0000
Pri turns min 1.0000
Pri Turns Spacing 0.0075 mtrs 7.5000 mm
Pri coil height 0.0200 mtrs 20.0000 mm
Pri Average radius (max) 0.2084 mtrs 208.3910 mm
Pri Average radius (min) 0.1814 mtrs 181.3910 mm
Pri width of spiral (max) 0.1290 mtrs 129.0000 mm
Pri width of spiral (min) 0.0030 mtrs 3.0000 mm
Inductance of Prim max 0.000093626108 Henries 93.6261 uH
Inductance of Prim min 0.000000872823 Henries 0.8728 uH
Inductance required at Freq A 0.000035471949 Henries 35.4719 uH
Inductance required at Tesla Freq(pi/2) 0.000014376239 Henries 14.3762 uH

Each turn was carefully measured and the formula adjusted

OD Radius Ave mm Width mm Turn Inductance Wire Leng mm
293.78 181.3910 3.0000 1 0.000000872823 913.5186
314.78 183.6410 13.5000 2 0.000003283121 1893.0106
335.78 185.8910 24.0000 3 0.000006992100 2938.4761
356.78 188.1410 34.5000 4 0.000011831165 4049.9151
377.78 190.3910 45.0000 5 0.000017678704 5227.3274
398.78 192.6410 55.5000 6 0.000024445507 6470.7133
419.78 194.8910 66.0000 7 0.000032065307 7780.0725
440.78 197.1410 76.5000 8 0.000040488444 9155.4052
461.78 199.3910 87.0000 9 0.000049677525 10596.7114
482.78 201.6410 97.5000 10 0.000059604371 12103.9910
503.78 203.8910 108.0000 11 0.000070247839 13677.2441
524.78 206.1410 118.5000 12 0.000081592229 15316.4706
545.78 208.3910 129.0000 13 0.000093626108 17021.6705


There many other formulas(AC only meters) for inductance such as:

L = (volts * time)/ Amps

L = Volts / (Amps * frequency)

L = Watts / (Amps^2 x .5)

I use each type of possible formula to check against, and even create my own, along with an oscilloscope to get the required accuracy that matches my modelling this way you can make reasonable predictions without excessive empirical testing.

This is part of the ART that people like Tesla has given to us from the past. If you want me to model a flat coil for you just let me know as I am only happy to help you on this task. Just fill in as many of the parameters as you can in the first table.

I am very happy to help you David as you have put a lot of work and effort to get some amazing results.

Regards Arto

[dR-Green]

Not sure what a hairpin circuit is, but I think the mystery is in the scope adjustment and/or response. Sometimes a scope will produce confusing patterns if the trigger level isn't set right. Also, it could be that the brightness is not sufficiently high to see some hf oscillation that is in between the high and low of the circular looking pattern. Hard to say what that is without knowing more about the things I asked about.

What kind of scope do you have? Is a PC add-on type? I often use a scope to make DC measurements, so it has to be very accurate. Mine will read out the DC level on the screen. Never had that kind of polarity issue...or the scope would get tossed out!!

It's a PicoScope, PC based, which has previously been used on jobs for the Ministry Of Defence, British Aerospace, Royal Mint etc, so it's working properly and calibrated. This is also confirmed with any DC measurements. But when measuring the coil output it always shows negative reading between ground/earth and the pickup.

"Hairpin circuit" is the internet name, Tesla referred to it as the stout copper bars experiment.

Tesla Patent 568,180 - Apparatus for Producing Electrical Currents of High Frequency

Tesla Radiant Energy - YouTube

[cyborg]

The 2nd pic is his Hairpin circuit.

You could have a point about the radio station signal appearing and/or affecting it. But I don't see why or how the scope should show circular shapes in normal mode, it can't be positive and negative at the same time.

The 6 turn pickup might also be doing something. Does it still happen with a can or straight wire as the pickup?

I've also noticed my scope in DC meter mode with DC coupling always shows the potential to be reversed, somehow the ground plane/earth is the positive while the pickip side is negative. I always measure the potential across a 430 ohm resistor because it approximately matches the resistance of a 100uA meter and keeps the basic arrangement, I never simply hang the probe in mid-air to take measurements. The coil basically always outputs a clean sine wave.

Not sure what a hairpin circuit is, but I think the mystery is in the scope adjustment and/or response. Sometimes a scope will produce confusing patterns if the trigger level isn't set right. Also, it could be that the brightness is not sufficiently high to see some hf oscillation that is in between the high and low of the circular looking pattern. Hard to say what that is without knowing more about the things I asked about.

What kind of scope do you have? Is a PC add-on type? I often use a scope to make DC measurements, so it has to be very accurate. Mine will read out the DC level on the screen. Never had that kind of polarity issue...or the scope would get tossed out!!

[dR-Green]

Agreed, but he's talking about a gap on the second pix. He's covering several projects in one post apparently?

Both of those scope pix look like some kind of driven circuit output. The CRI output tuned on a station should have an an unorganized random look to it with a voice/music modulation.

The 2nd pic is his Hairpin circuit.

You could have a point about the radio station signal appearing and/or affecting it. But I don't see why or how the scope should show circular shapes in normal mode, it can't be positive and negative at the same time.

The 6 turn pickup might also be doing something. Does it still happen with a can or straight wire as the pickup?

I've also noticed my scope in DC meter mode with DC coupling always shows the potential to be reversed, somehow the ground plane/earth is the positive while the pickip side is negative. I always measure the potential across a 430 ohm resistor because it approximately matches the resistance of a 100uA meter and keeps the basic arrangement, I never simply hang the probe in mid-air to take measurements. The coil basically always outputs a clean sine wave.

[cyborg]

There should be NO spark gaps applied to the CRI/CSI coils! Ungrounded operation and NO transmit only! The radio station that the coil is built for will NOT like it with spark gaps on the same frequency, nor will any other listeners.

Anyway I don't think Smokey is using a spark gap on it.

Agreed, but he's talking about a gap on the second pix. He's covering several projects in one post apparently?

Both of those scope pix look like some kind of driven circuit output. The CRI output tuned on a station should have an an unorganized random look to it with a voice/music modulation.

[dR-Green]

There should be NO spark gaps applied to the CRI/CSI coils! Ungrounded operation and NO transmit only! The radio station that the coil is built for will NOT like it with spark gaps on the same frequency, nor will any other listeners.

Anyway I don't think Smokey is using a spark gap on it.

[dR-Green]

There, I just gave you more useful info than that book has to offer.
Would you like to donate to MY 'paypal" account?

Too slow.

..

[cyborg]

copper strip primary

Copper strip is a bad idea anyway if you are using HV and gap. The sharp edges will cause corona and losses as well as being more capacitive than that formula would indicate.

You would be better off using 5/16 copper tubing.
The distance between the pancake and secondary should be adjustable to find the critical coupling point.

There, I just gave you more useful info than that book has to offer.
Would you like to donate to MY 'paypal" account?

[David G Dawson]

Sheet Pancake Coil

Sheet Pancake Coil Calculation:



Uploaded with ImageShack.us

This comes from R A Ford's 'Tesla Coil Secrets' where I didn't really find any as such.
Would have expected the width of the actual Copper sheet to be also included but apparently not and fail to see why.
Still going to pull apart for comparison and will measure when free from the condenser.

However, what I did find is a Tuning Fork Oscillator using a Carbon microphone which I have several of here and this could be organised for the Hendershot Generator as the 'resonator'.

Smokey

[cyborg]

Why not bring a tape recorder with you into the bushes, and record a regular broadcast?

I feel like many people would happily pay to hear a weekly or bi-weekly informal lecture. That regular income might go a long way to buying your OWN lab, free and clear of any "help."

Even better would be a two part thing. The first part to be broadcast free to everyone on the Internet, then you say "and now for my subscribers..." and do the second part for paying listeners. There's a radio station out of northern Europe that does this with their interviews, and they're doing pretty well.

That sounds too much like work!

[cyborg]

Dawson/CSI

The first scope pix is a bit of mystery, so I think we need a bit more detail on things, such as :
1) what type of "drive" are you using, ie; sine, square, etc
2) where is the spark gap? driving the priary of another coil or on the extra coil?
3) what are the time/div and voltage settings on the scope?
4) are you usung a 1:1 or 10:1 probe?
5) what is the scope's rated bandwidth?
6) more exact detail of overall experiment setup, preferably in a diagram form.

The second pix shows the overlay of two events, which may be cleaned up with some adjustment of the sync and trigger points on the scope. It may also be helpful to increase the v/div so the tops of the "spikes" can be seen.

If you are using a spark gap, you should be able to see a short duration damped sine wave after the gap fires when everything is tuned up properly.
at slow time/div it will just look like a glitch after the gap fires, when "expanded out" on faster time/div and sync adjustment, the damped sine will be seen, that is, if you have a scope with sufficient BW and a a decent sync section. the sine is >> gap freq.

[James Barker]

Since David Wittekind and his Gang of Four are forcing me out of my so called “Lab”, and other induced complications, I will be back to Corolla life and have again the opportunity to write new material on the Energetic Forum.

73 DE N6KPH

Why not bring a tape recorder with you into the bushes, and record a regular broadcast?

I feel like many people would happily pay to hear a weekly or bi-weekly informal lecture. That regular income might go a long way to buying your OWN lab, free and clear of any "help."

Even better would be a two part thing. The first part to be broadcast free to everyone on the Internet, then you say "and now for my subscribers..." and do the second part for paying listeners. There's a radio station out of northern Europe that does this with their interviews, and they're doing pretty well.

[David G Dawson]

Crystal set Initiative - Tuning

Quiet and in need of some action.
Sometimes I wonder why I don't take up knitting or crochetry where it is a simple mindless boring routine where you can watch the TV and go insane - not so with Dollard electronics.
Went back to the set-up stage and peaked secondary to primary and now have only a 5 to 10mm gap where before I had 40 and had slipped down to 50.
The little 50 uA Meter with the 1N34 across the terminals can be used floating at the side of the setup with a short lead attached to the (+) terminal as you don't need a direct attachment for tuning.
Magnification factor is still only about 80 from 70 and just realised, the smaller the delta, the better, pointing to a high 'Q'.
The 1400pF variable condenser across the 1500pF fixed is tuning the Primary and is about 40% meshed and peak is easy to achieve.
Triode Driver adds some distance to the receiver which is now about 2 meters away and with only the pickup head, about 1 meter but notice the probe needs to be pointing at the Extra Coil.



Uploaded with ImageShack.us

Have placed the required resistors in series with the Plate so that the 6SN7 is looking at the correct load - what this does is raise the HT to about 150 volt for the 110 at Plate and may not be necessary.
Still no lamps lit at secondary or extra but am doing this as per the original schematic and fine tuning as I go but Neons light at the primary and especially so between primary and ground and drops the HT accordingly.
Lots of radiated energy here but still need to read Eric's detail as he covers a great deal of ground in many Posts including Eric P Dollard Page 13, Post 389 'Notes On Tesla Transceiving 2'.
Appears the radiated energy is drawn up the secondary and then surrounds the Extra and I notice my body interference/capacitance has increased and need to stand further back when adjusting.

This is a picture of the CSI being driven and have named this a 'Mystery picture' as I am unsure of how it is being manifested - the pickup to the oscilloscope is a 3/4" coil of about 6 turns just dangling in mid air and the black leads are the ground connection but made no difference to the pic connected or not.
The circle size changes as you rotate the gain of the sig gen.



Uploaded with ImageShack.us

While with the oscilloscope shots - this is one from a Tesla Hairpin spark gap and you can see what is going on across the gap.
Multiple arcs, about 12 to 15 but the spark you see is a brilliant ball of light but this is what it builds up to as the gap is adjusted.
Diffilcult sometimes to grasp a single shot as there are several images here and the connection was made to a metal screw on the wooden support frame.
Most of any oscilloscope work here is done through a 500pF Mica condenser or simply from a coil in space or a metal body nearby - too many instances of front ends of scopes being blown due to direct connection.
We have literally no idea of what the composition of some of these signals that we are being involved with.
Story is that most of the solid-state failures in circuitry is due to inductive kick - 'The Tesla Instant'.



Uploaded with ImageShack.us

Getting back to basics with the CSI and reviewing all material presented and currently looking at the inductance of the primary and was going to calculate from the Eric P Dollard material that Gestalt presented on Page 13 (Eric's Page 3 circled) but lacking dimensions to use.
Quote:
Sheet inductance is given by (for primary loop) (A/w)N2 x a Henry.
Anybody know of the inductance calculation dimensions for a SHEET Copper Primary? - Thanks.
ARRL and Langford-Smith not much help here.

Looks like I need to dis-assemble the condenser and go from there and will take pics in the process.

Smokey

[t-rex]

New Subjects Coming

Recent events have caused me to take up the subject of Versor Operators. Not long ago there was a public request for me to present what has become known as my “Four Quadrant Theory”. This theory found its origin in Steinmetz’s A.C. book, the chapter “Power & Double Frequency Quantities”. This was a long time back, in the 80s, and I had not thought on the subject since then. At first I was at a loss as how to present an advanced subject to the lay person, but as the momentum grew, I compiled a complete book on the Four Quadrant Versor Operator. Much was learned in compiling this book, and it was my largest undertaking of this kind.

My work in Versor Algebra began with a certain insistence by Philo Farnsworth III, son of the television inventor. He knew well of my knowledge in A.C. theory and suggested that I should extend the Steinmetz Method to hyperbolic functions. He handed me a book titled Physics & Mathematics in Electrical Communication by Perrine. Philo never told me why I should do this, but he said “It was the Holy Grail of electrical engineering”.

After extensive study on the subject of Versor Algebra, this effort finally led to an equation depicting the propagation on a transformer winding. This provided the wave equation for both the Tesla Transformer and for the Alexanderson Network. Hence, a solid theoretical basis was established for these transmission systems, this founded upon an extension of the Theory of Imaginary Numbers.

My work in Time Domain Versors had ended with the paper Symbolic Representation of the Generalized Electric Wave. Space Versor Algebra and the Alexanderson Network have also been my principle efforts. This was applied to my Advance Seismic Warning System, ASW, However, this effort recently was completely destroyed. It was of no interest to anyone and those who “Came to Help”, only assured its fate, so it is history, NO ASW. Gone!

It has come to pass that I am engaged in another conflict with the power company. It is not hard these days. This is a bit like the situation at the Richmond Shipyard, which led to the reverse power shutdown at the Richmond Substation. However, unlike then, no equipment is available for such experiments. It is like ASW, it is gone forever. This time everything will have to be done with mathematics. It will spawn in the front seat of the Corolla, like has so much else.

The complications with the power company are becoming wide spread. To quote many utility workers, linemen, and switchboard operators, “Lawyers replace engineers”, “Insurance replaces safety”. Bad engineering practices are compounding to the point where a consensus is growing amongst older electrical workers that a conspiracy is in the making. However, it is not one that will be taken up on the Art Bell Show, a cesspool of disinformation. Who cares?

The Bell Telephone interests which I am working with at present have requested that I initiate an official inquiry on this matter, specifically relating to the conversion of all distribution systems in America from three wire Delta to four wire wye. This conversion gives rise to harmful consequences, some which seem deliberate. This will be the subject of my next series of writings on the Energetic Forum.

This effort, in tandem with the recent completion of my Four Quadrant Book, has initiated my next book. This will be “Versor Algebra as Applied to Polyphase Power Systems”. This will provide me with the theoretical advantage in my official presentation to the governmental power authorities. In writing this book I am coming to some rather amazing realizations with regard to Versor Algebra. I am covering new territory never traveled before. Here the theory of what are called Imaginary Numbers is vastly extended. This material will be put out on the Energetic Forum soon and will serve as an extension of the book Four Quadrant Representation of Electricity.

Since David Wittekind and his Gang of Four are forcing me out of my so called “Lab”, and other induced complications, I will be back to Corolla life and have again the opportunity to write new material on the Energetic Forum.

73 DE N6KPH