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Stan Meyer History Lesson Part 1

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  • Stan Meyer History Lesson Part 1

    Entire Thread:
    The Water Fuel Cell :: View topic - How does the VIC function? Part I: History of the VIC
    Quoted Below: Edited to shorten (kept relevant sections)
    Part I: History of the VIC
    This is my first part of 3 parts about the VIC.

    How does the VIC function?

    First let's start with the time line of his US and EU patents (chronologically ordered according to filing date)

    03.07.75 US3970070 Solar heating system
    04.02.80 US4275950 Light-guide lens
    07.04.80 US4265224 Multi-stage solar storage system

    17.02.82 US4389981 Hydrogen Gas Injector System for internal Combustion Engine
    24.07.82 US4465455 Start-up, shut-down for a hydrogen gas burner
    25.08.82 US4421474 Hydrogen Gas Burner
    14.12.82 EP0098897 Electrical generator utilizing magnetized particles
    14.12.82 EP0101761 An apparatus for generating gases from water and for controlled burning of said gases
    14.12.82 EP0103656 Resonant cavity for a hydrogen generator
    14.12.82 EP0106917 Gas electrical hydrogen generator
    14.12.82 EP0111573 Hydrogen generator system
    14.12.82 EP0111574 Combustion system for mechanical drive systems using gaseous hydrogen as fuel
    08.02.83 EP0086439 Hydrogen gas injector system for internal combustion engine
    29.07.83 US4613779 Electrical Pulse Generator
    15.03.84 EP0122472 Combustion system for mechanical drive systems using gaseous hydrogen as fuel
    05.11.84 US4613304 Gas electrical hydrogen generator
    25.03.85 US4798661 Gas generator voltage control circuit
    05.08.87 US4826581 Controlled process for the production of thermal energy from gases and apparatus useful therefore
    16.06.88 US4936961 Method for the production of a fuel gas
    15.06.89 EP0381722 Process and apparatus for the production of fuel gas and the enhanced release of thermal energy from such gas
    15.06.89 US5149407 Process and apparatus for the production of fuel gas and the enhanced release of thermal energy from such gas
    02.11.90 US5293857 Hydrogen gas fuel and management system for an internal combustion engine utilizing hydrogen gas fuel
    02.11.90 WO9207861 Control And Drive Circuits For A Hydrogen Gas Fuel Producing Cell
    ...
    It looks like he first used straight DC Electrolysis, but he worked on the problem of the burning rate of Hydrogen, which burns much faster than fossil fuel or gas. He discovered, that by mixing the combusted gases together with the Hydrogen he could adjust the burn rate to whatever rate one likes and so be able to retrofit a hydrogen system to any already available conventional system. Additionally he developed the quenching circuit to prevent a backfiring of the burning gases, which replaces the usual (rubber) tube. But actually this isn't a new invention as this quenching effect was already long known in chemistry before.
    ...
    US4421474 * How to adjust the burn rate of a Hydrogen burner by collecting and mixing the combusted gases to the Hydrogen.
    ...
    Then he came suddenly on the idea to use rippling DC current, which gets additionally pulsed with a duty cycle, for electrolysis... Maybe he accidentally at one point just used the rippling rectified current from a transformer without using a capacitor to smooth it and he had just the idea that maybe by pulsing one can increase the efficiency or maybe he got inspired by the ideas of Henry Puharich (Patent US4394230), who patented a water electrolysis process which is 100% efficient (water doesn't get warm anymore). ...Also Stan states in the vids, that in this time he informed himself as much about water and hydrogen production as he could. Therefore it is very likely that he stumbled across Puharich's patent. Another point which indicates Stan knew the Puharich patent may be, that in a later Patent (US4798661) he even cites Puharich's patent as reference.

    Puharich used an AC current, with an amplitude modulation of a lower frequency (additionally the strength of the modulation changes with a period of 3s). The interesting thing about the Puharich-System is, that when the water gets polarized, it (the water itself) rectifies the AC current to DC pulses (quite amazing). This rectified pulses he also shows in a diagram in the patent. If Stan really got his idea by Puharich, then maybe he got the idea wrong and thought Puharich is using only DC pulses (I thought the same when I first read Puharichs' patent) and tried to replicate this DC pulsing waveform.

    As Stan wasn't very skilled in the art and maybe couldn't replicate this complex waveform he maybe simplified this idea of Amplitude Modulation by just switching the pulses completely on and off at a certain frequency and neglecting the change of strength of this modulation.
    He did this pulsing with the help of a mechanical turning wheel(see Patent EP0111573, Fig 5), which shows how crude his electronic skills actually were at this time.

    He now studied exactly this system and measured the influence of the different variables (e.g. different water types, plate distances, Electrode geometry, ... (EP0111573))
    He discovered, that the geometry of the electrodes has a big influence on the efficiency. He came to the conclusion that cluster tubular, or even spherical electrodes are optimal (EP0111573 & EP0103656). He thought that the geometry is so important that he even applied a patent only about the geometry of the electrodes (EP0103656). He also discovered, that the optimal rippling frequency is dependant on the geometry (distance) of the electrodes, and that the frequency had to be in resonance with the electrodes to get optimal efficiency. From this time on, he called the Electrodes "Resonant Cavities". He said the distance between the electrodes has to be a multiple of the wavelength of the frequency. He explained himself the improvement of efficiency by the mechanical shaking impact due to the resonant movement of the water molecules...
    Fact is, as Puharich also showed: This Resonance actually really increases the efficiency of the electrolysis.
    ...
    Based on Patent EP0111573, he then patented his previous patent ideas again (to power a car, Hydrogen burner), but this time with the addition of the rippling pulsed DC Electrolyzing, whereas the pulsing is still done mechanically (EP0101761, EP0111574, EP0122472)

    How he up until now generated the DC rippled current, I don't know. Maybe he just used the rectified mains current. But it seems like he wanted to be more variable in his DC rippled current. So he invented an "Electrical Pulse Generator" and patented it (US4613779). ...

    For he then discovered (or someone told him), that a car alternator does actually exactly do this. You can adjust the output voltage by adjusting the voltage on the rotor and you can adjust the frequency by changing the rotation speed (alternators have electromagnets instead of permanent magnets in the rotor, to be able to adjust the output voltage according to the speed/load).

    It looks like in the meantime Stan (taught) himself some basic knowledge about electronics. So he now started to do the pulsing with the help of an SCR. So he got now the same system as before, but much more variable due to the usage of an alternator for the generation of the rippled current and the SCR for pulsing. But I'm not sure if he really understood how an alternator works. ...

    in the "dune buggy vid" he states, when he talks about the power used, that he's only inputting 5V and maybe 2 Amps or so (the current with which he powered the rotor). ...

    But he missed the fact, that the energy that is coming out of the alternator is ...from the motor (that) is turning the alternator! So we actually have no clue how much power he really pumped in the WFC in this "dune buggy vid". ...

    Due to the pulsing he maybe got very near to 100% efficiency (Puharich) and therefore the water did not get warm. ...

    Addition: In the meantime another document surfaced (International Independent Test Evaluation Report). And in it it is clearly indicated how much power the motor had which was driving the alternator: It was 2kW. That's a lot...and would very probably be enough to generate enough hydrogen to be able to run a car on idle.

    But then he discovered an effect which changed everything: When he introduced a variable resistor between the neg electrode and "Ground", then the hydrogen production suddenly started to increase (at a certain adjusted resistance) although he was now limiting the current by this resistor. ...

    Between the plates of the new resistor or "Current Limiting Device" he filled a resin mixed with some conducting material with some resistance which was about the value he had adjusted before with the external resistor. He then put some (insulation) on the circuit electrode, so that it cannot get anymore in direct electrical contact with the water. He still used the variable resistance, so that he could adjust the total resistance to the ...optimal production. He called this double electrode (sandwich) with resistance in between the "electron inhibitor". And it seemed like this really increased the production of the hydrogen at the same time by really decreasing the needed amps.

    Excerpt from patent US4798661:
    [...]In the generation of the hydrogen and oxygen gases to an infinite limit, as yet not fully appreciated, the upper level of amplitude of the voltage is removed with the utilization of the electron inhibitor of Fig 7.[...]
    ...
    He discovered, that there exist certain voltage levels at which the current through the cell suddenly rises. ...

    Stan continually increased the voltage until at a certain voltage level he saw a sudden rise in amperage, and then explained how he could get rid of this amperage rise with the help of different means:

    Level 1 (2.5V): By using rippled DC current instead of straight DC
    Level 2 (4V): By pulsing the rippled DC current at a certain duty cycle
    Level 3 (5.5V): By separately (sequentially) isolated connection of the + electrodes of the different WFC's (in a multi cell configuration)
    Level 4 (7V): With the addition of an inline resistor between neg electrode and ground
    Level 5 (8.5V): With the help of a resistive neg electrode ("electron inhibitor")
    Level 6 (???V): By resonance of the resonant cavity (WFC) with the rippling frequency and/or pulsing frequency.

    He also says in this patent, that the voltage levels indicated are dependent on the WFC geometry. And for a bigger cell he got voltage levels up to 45V.

    In this patent he also introduced the improvement of not (allowing) voltage to 0V during duty cycle off pulsing but to a residual voltage. He actually also introduced the variation of the voltage amplitude used during the pulsing. This change of amplitude he suggested to do with the help of a transformer with several secondary taps and some TRIAC's to get the voltage in some discrete steps...

    For better adjustment he also suggested to construct the WFC so, that one electrode plate can be moved.
    He also introduced a "blocking diode" in the connection to the pos electrode, so that the WFC cannot discharge through this connection, when the applied voltage is lower than the potential of the WFC.

    ...The first few explained systems still have the - electrode on the inside, but the last one (Fig 6) has now the neg electrode on the outside. From now on he always had the neg electrode on the outside.

  • #2
    History Lesson Part 2

    Now in the next few years it seemed that his system developed quite fast, for in the next patent(US4826581) he applied for, quite a different system was presented:

    * He now presented the VIC.
    * He presented his Electron Extraction Circuit to ionize gases
    * Additional usage of Laser Energy (although he himself only used normal LEDs) in the resonant cavities
    * He presented his Hydrogen Gas Gun.

    It looks like the improvement that he got from the resistor at the neg electrode really inspired him. ...
    He introduced coils in the connections to the electrodes.

    ...he introduced a coil to the pos electrode to be able to double the pulse that is coming from the secondary of the step up transformer which is fed by a square wave 50% duty-cycle input. Like that he could get the same waveform as with the bridge rectified alternator setup.
    The coil to the neg electrode is responsible for the current limiting, and so it is more or less an improvement of the resistor. And as the resistor before he made this coil adjustable.

    he then discovered that the performance of the VIC was (improved) by wiring all coils (primary, secondary, and the 2 "choke" coils) on the same core.
    What he did to "sense the resonance" was to add an additional pickup-coil on the core, and creating a closed loop PLL with it to drive the primary.

    He also now introduced kind of a new explanation of the resonance phenomena, by comparing the system with a (R)LC-Circuit, where he mentions that on resonance the voltage will rise and the amp slow will diminish. But it seems he didn't care about the fact, that the diode he used would actually prevent any RLC oscillation as he proclaimed it.

    Strange is the fact, that in different pics of the coil wiring he displays the coils wired differently. Which up until know makes people wonder how he really wired it. Did he wire some pics intentionally wrong? Was he just not very accurate, and thought, that he only wanted to show the principle and didn't care if the detailed wiring of the coils in the pic was actually correct? Or did he use different wirings for different effects that he wanted to generate with the VIC (e.g. one wiring for water splitting, another one for Gas Ionization)? One indication, that the 2nd cause could be a possible one is, that in some points in his patent drawings and also a lot in the later memos, he drew other voltage waveform pictures Stan described in the text (E.g. US5149407 Fig 9: The input to the primary shows the pulse signal doubled already instead of the 50% duty cycle rect-wave.

    it looks like now he had an extremely efficient system to split water.
    ...
    he now tried to destabilize the gases. He did this by Ionizing the gases also with the VIC, by taking away electrons (with the help of an extraction grid which was enabled when the VIC was in an off pulse and vice versa. Additionally an electron "consumer" was introduced in this grid circuit to "consume" the electrons). He even had the idea that by introducing some light energy one could destabilize the gases even more (as one does know from current physics that the electrons absorb light energy and by that they get into a higher valence band, this means, they are now easier to extract).

    ...
    as he found out, that the explosion energy is greater by using destabilized gases he developed this system even further by destabilizing the gases during the combustion process, so that they are prevented to get into a stable state and always give off their thermal "recombination" energy, without really being able to get into a stable recombination (Hydrogen Gas Gun). And he discovered that by using this Hydrogen Gas Gun one can get an extremely big amount of energy out of a very little amount of gas.
    This is really an amazing discovery. In my eyes even more important than the water splitting. Well not for retrofit systems, but for new systems.

    The later Patents: US5149407 (the same as EP0381722 except two older Figs in the EP) is just a continuation of US4936961, which itself is just a continuation of 4826581. So if you read US5149407, you also read the other patents. Patent US5293857 is just again a patent on how to use this system on a car, without itself describing the VIC, but only referring to the other patents.
    An interesting point about his last patent (WO9207861): in it he describes the controlling circuit of his WFC system. Actually it's very basic analog electronics, nothing special.

    As all these VIC patents are basically the same, I will not mention them specially (US4936961, EP0381722, US5149407, US5293857, WO9207861), but rather summarize the interesting/important aspects:

    In these patents he indicates what type of diode he's using for the blocking diode in the VIC (1N1198 or NVR1550 (a text recognition error, a MUR1560 was meant)). Both diodes do have about the same technical data (rated 600V and about 20A continuous 10x peak, relatively fast switching). Two things about the ratings of these diodes astonish: They are rated for quite a lot of amps, and are made to withstand only 600V. The latter is interesting, for in the same bunch of patents he writes about the voltage levels possibly reached and there he speaks of "...to about 1000 Volts and more..."(US5149407) or of "...applied voltage potential difference of 2000 to 5000 volts to the cell,..."(WO9207861).

    Another interesting phenomena he describes e.g. in WO9207861: If the WFC is made bigger, the resonance frequency rises. This actually is not logical, if you compare (like he did) the VIC with a RLC-Circuit.

    in a RLC-Circuit the increase of the capacity would result in a lowering of the resonance frequency. Maybe by bigger he also meant a bigger spacing between the electrodes. So that the overall capacity would decrease.

    His theory of the functioning also changed compared to before. He now has the idea, that the increased pulsed Voltage across the plates will just tear the molecules apart, if you get the pulsing at the resonance frequency of the molecule. But this cannot be the whole truth, (because you would have to) isolate the electrodes. ...

    But it seems that the electrodes do need contact with the water, and therefore big efforts have to be made to limit the current. Actually the explanations in his patents shed some light about what is happening/needed, additionally to the voltage across the plates. Another strange thing about his explanations is, that in one part he says that the system is resonating due to the (R)LC Circuit, and that's why the resonance frequency is dependent on the contaminants in the water, or the amount of water in the cell, or the cell geometry.

    But at the same time he talks about the resonant frequency of the molecules. This somewhat doesn't go together, for this frequency would obviously be fixed.
    Addition: In the meantime, due to some experience in making electrets I realized, that... insulation on one or both electrodes would drastically diminish the E-Field to split the water. Because the insulation would together with the water be a standard series resistor network, but with the much higher resistance. This would mean, almost all the voltage would drop across the insulation and not across the water. So if you insulate your electrodes you would need extremely high voltages to split water,.... So having no insulation on the electrodes does really make sense.


    He also mentions the WFC dimensions he used: 2 T304 SS tubes (outer one 3/4", inner one 1/2", 0.0625" Gap). Once he says as length 3inch and in another patent 4inch. So he used quite small WFC's. Which he also said should be more preferred than big WFC's. He also mentions the resonant frequencies for these WFC's: 5KHz for the 3inch and 10KHz for the 4inch. Here you can also see,...the bigger the WFC, the higher the frequency, although they have the same electrode distance. But not knowing the VIC's design used for this, the indicated resonance frequencies are useless for comparison.
    He also mentions the circuit parameters used for these WFC's: In the first patents he mentions primary 200 turns AWG24 / 600 turns secondary AWG36 on a 1.5" dia 0.25" thick toroid, with a choke coil size of 100 turns AWG24 1" dia. And in the WO patent he mentions a Step Up Ratio of 1:30, instead of 1:3 of the patents before.

    Although in all these patents he already mentions, that the insulation of the WFC is important, in his last one (WO9207861 Fig 10) he uses a very heavy insulation on the outside of the Cavity (Around the neg electrode). Later in Briefs and also in rare pictures of his cavities, he used a very thick delrin insulation to prevent the -electrode from getting in contact with the ambient.

    ...when we look at his "Technical Brief", where he published different Memos from the 90's up until 1996:

    ..he discovered that it is more efficient to wire the 2 choke coils bifilar. By then he also neglected to make the neg electrode coil adjustable... in this configuration it was not needed anymore. What is really interesting in these memos, is his detailed description of his VIC circuit:

    He used 430F SS Steel wires for the "choke"-coils, which were enameled with a high dielectric coating. In Memo 426 he mentions, that for the "choke"-coils he used AWG36 (coil resistance 11.6KOhm each) for secondary AWG 35 and primary AWG22. In Memo 425 he also gives a detailed description: First he wired on a Steel core the bifilar "choke"-coils (AWG36). But not in a conventional manner he wrapped them in sections of "pancake" coils. On top of that he wired the primary(AWG22) BIDIRECTIONAL (he just meant a usual transformer winding). And on top of that he wired the secondary(AWG35) again in sections of "pancake" coils.


    It seems like Stan found many useful applications for the VIC:

    * With his "Water Fuel Injection System" (Memo 423DA), he developed a kind of spark plug replacement, which did split the water right at the moment in the place where it was used, which made the system the safest system one could imagine.
    * He also used the VIC to clean the air with his "Exhaust Air Reclaimer" (Memo 428). Instead of splitting the water, the system does split the air molecules, so that for example a N02 Molecule was split back to Nitrogen and Oxygen.

    * With his "Optical Thermal Lens", which he called "EASER" (Memo 429), with which he created huge heat energies with a principle based on the Laser.

    * With his "Steam Resonator" (Memo 430) he could heat up water in very short times

    And unfortunately in 1998 he died. God bless him.

    Comment


    • #3
      I give an example what Bidirectional wrap looks like here: http://www.energeticforum.com/renewa...html#post49552

      The electron extraction circuit(EEC) works differently in the water fuel capacitor(WFC) than it does in the gas processor(GP). In the GP it is easy to see that the freshly stripped electrons are completing the circuit with the positive mesh grid of the EEC placed in the air flow of the GP.

      In the WFC the EEC shares it's connection with the positive side of the WFC VIC transformer. When the VIC is switched on it pulls the water molecule and elongates it, in the very next instant the EEC is switched on and the weakend water molecules negetive electron gets consumed by completing the circuit of the EEC and that electron is consumed. This causes an imballance in the natural equilibrium of the water and it self corrects to restablish equilibrium. This self correction yeilds hho gases as a result of the imballance caused by the EEC to the system. You can also think of it like this when the VIC is switched on the hho would normally form in the center of the two surfaces, but in the next instant the EEC consumes the electron intended for the hho production in normal Faraday type electrolysis. Energy is being taken from the system in the WFC thus it stays cool. This is why the WFC must be an isolated circuit with no grounds of any kind, for if you ground it when the EEC switches on all you will get it Faraday type electrolysis for the EEC is positive and the ground would be the negetive and you will be putting energy into the system and not taking it from the system.

      Hope that clears things up


      h2opower.

      Comment

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