Wardenclyffe - Tesla's true intention

[Ernst]

The first 2 coils of my Garage Wardenclyffe, in action:
BaseSystem - YouTube

Maybe I will lift the strike ring a bit...

Ernst.

[Hobby Eon]

Easy indeed, if only I knew just how much titanium was melted, how hot the not-melted part had become and how much titanium was involved.
Example:
suppose we had 10 ml titanium of which 1 ml melted and the remainder gained half that temperature.
1 ml titanium is 4.54 gr has reached a temperature of 1940 K. (melting point) starting from 20 C that is a temperature rise of 1647 K. It needs 520 J/K.Kg so that is 3888 J.
9 ml titanium is 40.86 gr has reached an average temperature of 970 K, a rise of 677 K, so 14384 J.
To change to liquid an additional 20.9 KJ/mol is required. 1 mol is 47.867 gr so we have 0.0948 mol requiring 1982 J.
So we need a total of 3888+14384+1982 J = 20255 J.
1 Watt is 1 J/s so if you would apply 20 KW, it would take little over 1 sec. Supposing no energy is lost elsewhere.

You can do the same calculations for other metals and or quantities.

Now, I only wonder how this relates to Wardenclyffe.

Ernst

Thanks Ernst. My admiration for you has risen further. And mr.Boguslaw said;
The secret is incredible simple : reactive power. And yes , it is converted into heat if no used "

This IS what got me convinced: I melted that titanium without gas, a welding transformer or induction heating.
I used a -wet- Tesla funnel ! Yes i did. So that got me thrue to stick with it. Or i would have given up early and
do other distractions. The power i used was about 300 watts in 4 seconds.
To top it of, i used a small separation transformer and crocwires that didn't heat up. Ernst and the good rest,
that was a good moment as you can imagine.

[Ernst]

GREAT, Hobby Eon! Congratulations with your break through!
I am sure the titanium melting industry will be thrilled to bits and no doubt a Nobel prize awaits you.

Having said that, I would like to return to Wardenclyffe again.
I thought that perhaps a walk through the schematics could be helpful so we have something to guide the discussion. The only known schematics of which we can be sure that they concern Wardenclyffe are those in the 'rare notes'. And as I have said before similar designs can be found in the CSN. (for example on page 161)
These designs all show an additional coil, on one end connected to the HV output of a so called 'extra coil' and on the other end connected to the ground.
Now, we all know what a primary, secondary and extra coil are for, but what is this 4th coil doing? This 4th coil is BTW the characteristic feature of the 'magnifying transmitter'.
In other words, any system not having this coil, is not a 'magnifying transmitter'.

Any ideas on what this coil is supposed to be doing?

Ernst.

[boguslaw]

Ernst

Interesting....
Could you show us this 4th coil on picture ? I don't remember any 4th coil in magnifying transmitter ...
Maybe it is receiver coil ?

Ah...ok, I 'm a bit tired and missed CSN page 161

[dR-Green]

These designs all show an additional coil, on one end connected to the HV output of a so called 'extra coil' and on the other end connected to the ground.
Now, we all know what a primary, secondary and extra coil are for, but what is this 4th coil doing? This 4th coil is BTW the characteristic feature of the 'magnifying transmitter'.
In other words, any system not having this coil, is not a 'magnifying transmitter'.

Any ideas on what this coil is supposed to be doing?

Ernst.

I believe your interpretation is not quite right. On page 161 it's explained that a choking coil is placed in the earth wire to see if the sparks on the arresters will be diminished.

The coil itself serves no immediate practicable purpose. The spark gap lowers the frequency and therefore may be employed as a method of tuning, supposedly as illustrated in some of the diagrams in the so-called "rare notes" where Tesla wants "lower frequencies" than seems possible with the size of the apparatus.

Neon bulb from off to full brightness on earthed wire simply with the use of capacitance plates and terminal spark gap:

Terminal Spark Gap Observations-02 - YouTube

[Ernst]

Very interesting responses from my dear friends

Let me quote Tesla again frm an article of 7 Jan 1905:

This seemingly impossible feat can now be readily performed by any electrician familiar with the design and construction of my "high-potential magnifying transmitter," the most marvelous electrical apparatus of which I have knowledge, enabling the production of effects of unlimited intensities in the earth and its ambient atmosphere. It is, essentially, a freely vibrating secondary circuit of definite length, very high self-induction and small resistance, which has one of its terminals in intimate direct or inductive connection with the ground and the other with an elevated conductor, and upon which the electrical oscillations of a primary or exciting circuit are impressed under conditions of resonance.

This is pretty clear, or not?
Now, let me add some pics. The name of the picture indicates its source: CSN<page> or RN<figure>. (RN= Rare Notes)

As further proof that it does not concern the choking coil on the lightning arresters I have included CSN163 which DOES show this choking coil, so you can see what it looks like.

READ the quoted text and LOOK at the attached pics and start to learn what Tesla called his magnifying transmitter.

Ernst.

[dR-Green]

The diagrams from the rare notes are effectively figures 2 and 3 from CSN page 190. Figure 5 is exactly the same arrangement as the flat spiral diagram in RN.



The effect of the spark gap can be seen in the video, when the primary circuit is tuned to a lower frequency than the secondary. The effect on the earth terminal is greater when there is a spark at the top, because until then the secondary is completely out of tune. In other words, lower frequencies with smaller coils. If you do the experiment then you will also observe that the spark needs to be a particular length in order to get maximum output. A spark is not just a spark, it's now used for tuning. The magical "greater output with a spark gap" will soon disappear if the primary circuit is tuned to a higher frequency, and the opposite effect will be observed.

[Ernst]

The diagrams from the rare notes are effectively figures 2 and 3 from CSN page 190.

Count the number of coils and see how they are connected. There is significant difference.

Figure 5 is exactly the same arrangement as the flat spiral diagram in RN.

If it wasn't for the fact that a flat spiral is being used. There is a reason for that.

The question remains: what is the function of the coil that defines a magnifying transmitter?

Ernst.

[dR-Green]

There isn't a significant difference at all. You can ignore the terminal spark gap and the "4th coil". Forget the complications, go back to the basics. You can even ignore the extra coil, the secondary alone will work as a Telluric transmitter/receiver.

What's the purpose of the "strike ring" on your coil? Is it earthed and/or connected to the neutral end of the coil?

[Ernst]

There isn't a significant difference at all.

To you there is not. To me, and I think to Tesla as well, there is most certainly. Why would not he "go back to the basics" and make the device as simple as it possibly can? He did so with all other devices that he invented.

You can ignore the terminal spark gap and the "4th coil".

Pardon???? Have you read this:

It is, essentially, a freely vibrating secondary circuit of definite length, very high self-induction and small resistance, which has one of its terminals in intimate direct or inductive connection with the ground and the other with an elevated conductor, and upon which the electrical oscillations of a primary or exciting circuit are impressed under conditions of resonance.

It says here the magnifying transmitter IS this 4th coil.

You can even ignore the extra coil, the secondary alone will work as a Telluric transmitter/receiver.

Yes, but not as a magnifying transmitter.

What's the purpose of the "strike ring" on your coil? Is it earthed and/or connected to the neutral end of the coil?

Until now it only served to provide some extra sturdiness to the system. It is all glued with silicone. Once the 3rd coil is in place it should protect the primary and secondary from possible (unintended) discharges. It is not grounded now, but it will be once I start experimenting with the 3rd coil. In the final system it will be disconnected or maybe removed alltogether.

Ernst.

[dR-Green]

Pardon???? Have you read this:

It says here the magnifying transmitter IS this 4th coil.

Why do you think "it" is referring to the 4th coil? What does that have to do with being excited from a primary circuit, and why is it called a secondary circuit? All indications imply he is talking about the primary and secondary circuit.

Why would not he "go back to the basics" and make the device as simple as it possibly can? He did so with all other devices that he invented.

Why would he need to? He already started there, he knows how it works. Everything else is built around it as a development or enhancement, on top of the basic foundation. If not for the foundation then he would have nothing to work with or from.

Yes, but not as a magnifying transmitter.

No, if you want to go by dictionary definitions (in that case you'd better throw out 99% of what you've heard), but you will have success and learn a thing or two, just like Tesla did.

Until now it only served to provide some extra sturdiness to the system. It is all glued with silicone. Once the 3rd coil is in place it should protect the primary and secondary from possible (unintended) discharges. It is not grounded now, but it will be once I start experimenting with the 3rd coil. In the final system it will be disconnected or maybe removed alltogether.

Do you have a signal generator? If so apply it to the primary and find the resonant frequency. Then connect the so-called "strike ring" to earth and note what happens. Now we are getting into the diagrams from CSN and closer to the setup pictured in the rare notes.

The coil looks nice by the way

[boguslaw]

Ernst

This is the answer : " a freely vibrating secondary circuit of definite length" and the rest is a precise description or requirements to Earth conditions....

[Ernst]

You are reading it in a very different way than I do, that is for sure.
Let me try if I can get my view across, independent from whether or not you agree with it.

It is, essentially, a freely vibrating secondary circuit of definite length, very high self-induction and small resistance,

"freely vibrating" implies it is not inductive or capacitive coupled, because that would make it not "free". It is a secondary circuit (note that he does not use the word "coil") because it is excited by a primary circuit as he explains later on.

which has one of its terminals in intimate direct or inductive connection with the ground and the other with an elevated conductor,

This is describing exactly what the 4th coil is. The extra coil is not connected to the ground, but to the secondary, the secondary is not connected to an elevated conductor but to the extra coil. Only the 4th coil matches this description.

and upon which

"which" can be refering to the elevated conductor, but syntactically is more likely to refer to the coil that he just described.

the electrical oscillations of a primary or exciting circuit are impressed

Here we see the mention of a primary circuit (again not "coil", but "circuit"). In all schematics that I have copied here, the "primary or exciting circuit" is the circuit on the left, the 4th coil, which defines the magnifying transmitter, can be seen on the right.

under conditions of resonance.

It is not immediately clear what is resonating; the primary circuit, the secondary or both.
The latter option (both) I think is the most likely, yet also notice that there are 2 different frequencies involved (read the RN).

This is how I read it and this text combined with the schematics leave no options for me to interpret it in any other way.

Thanks for your compliment on my coil. I appreciate that!
Today I raised the strike-ring a bit. I also calculated the output voltage to be 275 KV. This seems a bit optimistic, but it is certainly well over 100 KV, and probably even closer to 200 KV. I will reduce the voltage on the primary a bit as I want to feed the 'extra' coil with something around 100 KV.

Ernst.

Ps. yes, I do have a self-made pulse generator. Square pulses 1 Hz - 1 MHz, with a duty cycle that can be set from 1-99%.

Ps2: Boguslaw, I do not understand your "answer".

[dR-Green]

This is describing exactly what the 4th coil is. The extra coil is not connected to the ground, but to the secondary, the secondary is not connected to an elevated conductor but to the extra coil. Only the 4th coil matches this description.

Not if you consider the (earth?), secondary coil, extra coil and its terminal to be the secondary circuit.

To me, "it is, essentially, a freely vibrating secondary circuit" says it's very simple. Whether the extra coil is there or not, that is, essentially, the system. That's all there is to it. Hence the principle is the same with all coils; flat spirals, secondary alone, secondary + extra coil. The system works on the same principle regardless of how it looks.

[Hobby Eon]

Count the number of coils and see how they are connected. There is significant difference.
If it wasn't for the fact that a flat spiral is being used. There is a reason for that.
The question remains: what is the function of the coil that defines a magnifying transmitter?

Ernst.

One side of the resonator is free and the other is 'frustrated', i think.
But i can't get my mind around it how it works. I wish i did. Hence my idea
to use the Tesla funnel in a low impedance circuitry but it looks that all the
energy is dissipated as heat before i could catch it of.

2e idea. The ball capacitors talk to one another and one of them is helped ??
Than i had the idea to help both ball capacitors +- but i think, reading, that
that doesn't work ?